Instinct and circumstance Free Essays

Buber accepts, that then â€Å"I† of the human is twofold, and comparative with the connections into which it enters. The â€Å"I† that answers to â€Å"Thou† is inconceivably not the same as the â€Å"I† that answers to â€Å"It†. Each demonstration of saying I is a demonstration of being I in one of these ways. We will compose a custom paper test on Intuition and condition or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now I-It is any being as understanding, investigative, I-Thou is the being as a relationship, engineered. There is nothing specifically to be thought about the Thou, it must be comprehended in its completeness and not known. We see it obviously but then can't tell the subtleties. I-Thou precedes I-It, it is the fundamental â€Å"main word†. It is the primary understanding of the Other. Be that as it may, I-Thou is bound to be come I-It as we acclimate ourselves with it and locate an utilitarian way to deal with the Other. But I-It might become I-Thou if the examining man decides to facilitate the relationship and not take a gander at the subtleties of the one with who he is associating, however at its substance. All things considered, it is difficult to live in the I-Thou mode continually, for it is in effect just in the present and focusing just to the present. Profound and fundamental it might be, but then flighty and doesn't look good for endurance. As Buber puts it, â€Å"The individual can't live without the It. Yet, the person who lives just with the It is definitely not a human being†, as these couple of flighty minutes are the most immediate sign of what makes us human †our capacity to exchange legitimately. A developing human progress implies a developing universe of It, in light of the fact that each new civilization accumulates inside itself the â€Å"It† of the past culture. It is typically erroneously called a development of otherworldly life, however this isn't correct: profound life is the area of the I-Thou, a reaction to the Absolute, while the development of psychological limit by and large decreases the capacity for having a genuine Relationship. The I-It word is not all that much, except if it endeavors to replace its legitimate partner, as one is pointless without the other. On the off chance that one partitions the â€Å"spheres of interest† of the Thou and It, he will get networks with nothing in like manner on one hand and emotions without substance on the other, a separated and tragic presence. Buber talks about two inverse sets: of opportunity and fate and of need and destiny. The first have a place with I-Thou, the second to I-It. Predetermination is a proportion of self-realization: just the individual who has accomplished opportunity and comprehended what he is and what he genuinely wants can discover his fate. Then again, he who surrenders to the laws of need and causality and doesn't act from the very profundities of his being limiting causality meets the jaws of destiny as his type of presence. He is the toy of the powers past him, while the man who follows his fate rides the waves. Any culture for the most part begins the drive of I-Thou and decays on I-It, as does the individual. Buber separates between the Will and oneself will. The first is the excellent motivation to meet with one’s predetermination, to partake in the exchange. The second is just the flighty wants of the restricted person, the lesser will constrained by impulse and situation. It is dependent upon each human to pick what way he will take. This is the contrast among distinction and character, between learning one’s limits by making a greater amount of them or by wrecking them †the outcome, at long last, is very much the same, however how extraordinary the experience! It is the decision between living in a human world or of blending †even however quickly †with Eternity itself. By relating the limits of the I-Thou one shapes them, also, and makes them in a living reaction to outside condition, in discourse with it. By setting up dividers in the I-It relationship, one separations oneself from the world, and can't respond to any circumstance within reach, he may simply recollect and attempt to act as per experience. There is no outer contrast between how the men in I-Thou and in I-It live. Both collaborate with the outside world, the man in I-Thou doesn't quit seeing the contrasts between things, lost in exchange. The thing that matters is inside. For the man in I-Thou it is every one of the a piece of one living discourse. For the man in I-It, things are isolated and just dubiously related. The man in I-Thou is reliant on his discourse with the Absolute, yet the Absolute is subject to him, also. The man in I-It thinks himself free however is reliant upon a thousand things. These two states are unusually interrelated. The more grounded the It takes its hang on the I, the more grounded the revelations the individual relationship of the I-Thou assortment brings. Just through the best murkiness will there be the best light, just through the loss of the word †discourse, just by heading off to the edges of destiny would we be able to know opportunity, and through causality we get familiar with the methods of predetermination. Such are the patterns of the world in its unceasing upheaval. Step by step instructions to refer to Instinct and condition, Papers

What are the main reasons for Sony PlayStation’s profitability? Essay

What are the fundamental purposes behind Sony PlayStation’s productivity? In the year 1994, Sony propelled its own video support called the PlayStation which is currently one of the most notable and top of the line gaming supports in the entire world. The PlayStation has been considerably more effective since the item has been re-propelled and enhanced in 2000, called PlayStation 2. The mystery behind the accomplishment of high benefit will be examined in this coursework, principally the primary reasons have been Innovation, the Advertising Strategy applied and the rest of the advertising blend utilized by the Sony Corporation. One of the primary purposes for the PlayStation being a ‘winner’ for the Sony Corporation is Innovation. Development is the procedure of carrying another plan to the commercial center. Sony’s PlayStation uncovered the CD-ROM gaming innovation without precedent for the market of the cartridge-based innovation which was utilized by its individual contenders, Nintendo 64 and Sega Saturn. This staggering innovation assisted with improving the designs giving a 3D sight and sound view along with the fuse of a 1024K double separated VRAM which permitted the picture showed on-screen to change rapidly. These high caliber illustrations demonstrated to increase the value of the item and in this manner numerous shoppers chosen to go for the PlayStation. To Sony’s enchant, PlayStation sold in excess of 300,000 units in the initial 30 days: an incredible accomplishment which helped up the benefit of the organization, leaving the contenders negligent. Another explanation which has assisted with expanding PlayStation’s benefit is the publicizing effort drew nearer by Sony. The PlayStation is normally publicized through magazines and TV adverts. This time it didn't focus on the conventional 8-16 years of age segment target crowd. In spite of the fact that, this time the item was focused on a more seasoned crowd with the goal that higher buyer mindfulness could be accomplished. The great thing about the PlayStation’s TV adverts is that it attempts to separate the item from the opposition while additionally producing intrigue and consciousness of the new item dispatch. Likewise, Sony attempts to support certain enormous and popular occasions, for example, 1995 MTV Music Awards also, the UEFA Champions League so as to build greater gainfulness. Besides, such an excess of promoting has assisted with making a positive picture about the organization. This solid and po... ...his has assisted with fulfilling the interest better which has expanded Sony’s deals and hence prompted higher gainfulness. Aside from every one of these things, Sony’s PlayStation has had other imaginative thoughts which have expanded gainfulness. The PlayStation 2 likewise has a DVD player joined with it. This implies now the buyers appreciate the additional estimation of a DVD player and they needn't bother with to have a different one. Besides, Sony was the first to present multiple players gaming through the Multi Tap. This implied presently buyers could play with one another simply utilizing one comfort which assisted with expanding adaptability. Besides, it additionally presented the Memory Card which permitted clients to spare their game information in it. Like this, the client could proceed with the game from last spared stage or could take it to an elsewhere and play there. What is more that, PlayStation’s remote control have all the more better plan which make it simpler to play and end up being increasingly agreeable. All these creative thoughts have assisted with making the PlayStation significantly more engaging than the competitors’ items. The gainfulness has again been influenced due to these elements by augmenting it.

Installment Loans More Mileage for Your Money (Part 3 of 3)

Installment Loans More Mileage for Your Money (Part 3 of 3) Installment Loans: More Mileage for Your Money (Part 3 of 3) Installment Loans: More Mileage for Your Money (Part 3 of 3)In the world of lending, especially for people who have less-than-stellar credit scores, a payday loan is like a racecar: expensive and dangerous. Payday loans, with their high Annual Percentage Rates (APRs) and debt-trap structure, cause the average payday loan customer to take out ten loans per year and spend almost 200 days of the year in debt.[1] Looks like they’re not so “short-term” after all!An installment loan, on the other hand, is more like the family car: safe and functional, it gets the kids to school, you to work, and you can rely on it year round.The Payday Way is a Dead End.Let’s say your car breaks down on the way to work, and you need $1,000 in a hurry to pay for repairs. You take out a 14-day payday loan that costs $15 per $100 borrowed. The total cost of the loan is $150, and full repayment ($1,150) is due in two weeks.But is $1,150 something you could actually pay back in two weeks? Probably not. In fact, most payday loan customers can only afford roughly $100 per month towards their loan.[2] So you roll the loan over and pay the $150 you owe in interest in order to secure a two-week extension. However, those two weeks means paying another $150 in interest. Your payday loan now costs $300 and you still owe $1,150 to the lender. Basically, you’re right back where you started.Let’s say it takes you six months to finally pay the loan back in full, having rolled it over 13 times. It would have cost you $1,950 in total. After half a year, you’ve ended up paying nearly twice what you originally borrowed in fees and interest alone! Payday loans might not seem disastrous in the short term, but over time their costs really add up. The APR for a 14-day payday loan that costs $15 per $100 borrowed would be an astronomical 390%. You can read more in the eBook How to Protect Yourself from Payday Loans and Predatory Lenders.Long-Term Installment Loan = Long-Term SavingsNow what if y ou take out a $1,000 installment loan to pay your mechanic’s bill instead? It’s a six-month loan, with six monthly payments, and an Annual Percentage Rate (APR) of 99%. Right away, you see a huge difference in cost. Whereas the payday loan cost $1,950 over six months, this installment loan costs $307.75. That’s over six times less.This lower cost is due to a couple of different factors. One of them is the APR. The installment loan’s 99% APR is much lower than the payday loan’s 390% APR, which means that the installment loan is less expensive. APR measures the cost of a loan over a full year, so it doesn’t matter as much when a loan is only two weeks long. But when a loan lasts for six whole months? It matters a lot.  Also see  What’s the Difference Between a Payday Loan and an Installment Loan?  in our Blog for more information.But there’s another factor at work that makes the installment loan even cheaper: it’s called “amortization”, and it’s not nearly as c omplicated as it sounds.Amortization: The Electric Car of Personal LendingAmortization is a specific type of loan repayment structure. Amortized loans are designed to be repaid in a series of regularly scheduled, equally sized payments. Each payment also consists of two parts: one part pays down the principal, and the other part pays down the interest. Why is that important? Because it means that every payment you make reduces the amount you owe.Every time you reduce the principal amount owed on an amortized loan, you also reduce the amount charged in interest. With an amortizing installment loan, interest is charged as a percentage of the principal. If the principal is smaller, than the interest charge is smaller as well. The difference from one payment to the next may be small, but it adds up over time.Installment loans are amortizing, while payday loans are not. That’s why installment loans are so much less expensive. From the first payment you make on your installment loan, yo ure reducing the amount you owe. With a payday loan, on the other hand, the interest is a flat fee based on the original amount loaned. Every time the loan is rolled over, youre being charged that same fee all over again.Installment loans get cheaper over time; payday loans only get more expensive. Choosing between the two is just like choosing between a minivan and an F1 racecar: it’s not really a choice at all. It’s just common sense.References: Payday Loans and Deposit Advance Products. (2013, April 24). Retrieved from https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201304_cfpb_payday-dap-whitepaper.pdf Bourke, N., Horowitz, A., Roche, T. (2013, February). Payday Lending America: How Borrowers Choose and Repay Payday Loans. Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2013/02/20/pew_choosing_borrowing_payday_feb2013-%281%29.pdf

Analysis Of Malcolm X And Tillie Alson s I Stand Here...

The Parallels of Poverty In today’s society, there is a clear boundary between being wealthy and living in poverty. It is believed that in the world today, around 1% of people own more wealth than the bottom 98% of people living. Although living with money may bring you happiness from materialistic items, when people start to become money minded and greedy, they fail to appreciate how valuable the money they have is. Living in poverty has very negative effect on one’s ability to survive, their loss of spirit and overall happiness. In the readings by Malcolm X in The Autobiography of Malcolm X and in Tillie Alson’s I Stand Here Ironing, both explore the parallels of poverty and how poverty means more than just being monetarily poor.†¦show more content†¦As a black, one would live in poverty and not dream of anything more than shining shoes or have a respected profession (Malcom 5). African American people were targeted by white supremacists and in the Lit tle’s family, many had been killed due to their skin color. Malcolm exclaims â€Å"it has always been my belief that I, too will die by violence. I have done all that I can be prepared† (Malcolm 2). Poverty is a very common thing for the African American people at this point in time. In the autobiography, we move into the Great Depression where the life of a colored person has many hardships and how these damaging effects cause poverty of the self. Malcolm moves away from his family in Lansing, Michigan at fifteen years old after spending the summer in Boston, Massachusetts. Malcolm believes that he has much more potential than to stay in Michigan and have a dissatisfied life. While in Boston, he will stay with his half-sister Ella who tells Malcolm to explore the city before he ties himself down to a job. When he goes into the city, he sees how their are different types of black people. On Roxbury Hill where he lives, it is populated with ghetto black people who are poor and jobless which is towards the bottom of the hill. And at the top of the hill, he sees the Hill Negroes who were â€Å"breaking their backs trying to imitate white people† (Malcolm 42). While Malcolm searches for a job, he meets Shorty who brings him to the Roseland State

Cultural Background Of The Mexican Revolution - 935 Words

The Mexican Revolution was greatly influenced by the peasants in the villages. Conditions like haciendas run by Europeans or mestizos lead to exploitations of peasants and reform laws that lead to the Agrarian Revolution of the peasants. Agrarian Revolt in a Mexican Village focus on the village of Naranja, through Paul Friedrich historical analysis of this town, we see how the conditions like hacienda led these people to mobilize against Porfirio Diaz. The cultural background of Najarana is crucial in understanding the sentiment of the villagers, they spoke Porepicha, and were described as Indian. These cultural difference had political significance that lead to a peasant uprising. Prior to European intervention, Indian communities participated in ejidos, communal land that belonged to no one person in particular. This was a tradition that had been in practice for decades prior. Once the Europeans began to intervene in Indigenous villages, the practice of communal lands began to disappear. This was a result of reform laws passed by the Porfirian dictatorship, going into practice in the second half of the 1800s. Through these measures the area saw major change, to the Indigenous population this was not positive change. These laws encouraged Indians to divide land with the intentions to sell it as they wished. Later this laws changed and allowed private companies to settle public lands, the only issue being that the lands were occupi ed by Indians. Through this practice manyShow MoreRelatedPedro Paramo : An Enormous Impact On Latin American Writers And Readers From All Over The World1694 Words   |  7 Pages and the world of Mexican contemporary writers. By using the New Historicism approach to the novel, readers will be benefitted greatly because they can unravel the history of Mexico City and the Mexican Revolution and revolts that is reflected in the novel. 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Moral Philosophy Sport †Hockey Violence Free Essays

Karen Kyung Fuhrmann – PHL376H1S – February 15, 2013 Fist Fight: The NHL Doesn’t Need Goons Introduction Fighting in NHL hockey is illegitimate; it is not an essential part of the game and is merely gratuitous violence. There is no need for a â€Å"goon† on the roster of any hockey team, and fighting should be prohibited in the NHL. This paper will make the above argument in three parts: the first part of the paper will show that such gratuitous violence is not a necessary component of the structure of the game; the second part will show the counter argument for the legitimation of such violence; and the third part will provide a refutation of the counter argument. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Philosophy Sport – Hockey Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fighting is Illegitimate in NHL Hockey The reason why fighting is illegitimate in NHL hockey is that it is gratuitous violence. Such violence is illegitimate as it gives rise to what Jim Parry calls a genuine moral problem, which occurs â€Å"when violence exceeds what is necessary for its success, whether used instrumentally or not† (210). In hockey, the primary aim is to score the most goals to win and fighting does not contribute significantly to that aim. There are other forms of hockey, like pond hockey or pick-up hockey, which do not include fighting. Fighting in NHL hockey is a mere consequence of a dominant model of competition, where external rewards can only be won by one party at the loss of others (McMurtry 205); this is translated into the commercial model of NHL hockey, and according to McMurtry, â€Å"†¦well-known and systematic pathologies of competitive conflict – violence, cheating†¦ and so on – are a law-like consequence of the dominant structure of competition and not a problem of competition as such† (201). In submerged and free models of competition, however, such pathologies do not occur (or as often) as in dominant models, because there are no ‘zero-sum’ rewards (external rewards that only benefit one party at the expense of others) to motivate pathological behaviour like fighting. Fighting is thus an inessential part of the hockey game. It is merely a negative effect of the dominant model of competition. The benefits of fighting (such as intimidation) do not outweigh its disadvantages (such as serious physical injury and wasting time) for ecuring victory – such violence exceeds what is needed to succeed and is a genuine moral problem. Counter Argument Fighting occurs to deter future illegal assaults from the opposing team and helps keep more dangerous play at bay. First of all, fighting serves as an informal mode of social control, because it is near impossible for a referee to view most illegal assaults (like cross-checking, spearing, etc. ) that occur around co rners, nets, or when an official’s back is turned; especially with the speed and continuous play of hockey (Colburn 168). Colburn asserts that â€Å"†¦to accommodate both these conditions of the game and also the demand for hard-hitting, contact type of sport, rule-enforcement in ice hockey has, to a greater degree than in any other major sport, been partially delegated to individual players† (Colburn168). Moreover, fighting serves as a deterrent for more serious assaults (with hockey sticks, and etc. ), as they give rise to intimidation and give enforcers a mental advantage over opposing players. Players view fighting as more honourable than illegitimate assaults (a. k. a. heap shots), and fighting directly calls out such occurrences. Unlike cheap shots, there are implicit standards for fighting known as â€Å"the code†. Such standards for fighting affirm that only two players are allowed to fight at a given time, both players must give some form of consent to fighting, and both players must drop their gloves. It is a misunderstanding that fighting in the NHL is gratuitous violence a nd Colburn states that â€Å"†¦formal rules of ice hockey do not coincide with the informal, social norms held by players as these pertain to the definition of violence† (156). Refutation Fighting does not help prevent more serious injuries from occurring/recurring, and the issue of accurate surveillance by referees can be remedied by removal from the game and future game suspensions. A 2012 article in the Canadian Medical Association stated that research from Boston University School of Medicine has shown that repeated head trauma can lead to permanent brain damage, and claimed that hockey enforcers are especially vulnerable with their consistent fighting. What researchers†¦ have found in the brains of three prominent hockey players – Rick Martin, Reggie Fleming and Bob Probert – should be enough to sway minds to impose a ban on all forms of intentional head trauma, including fighting, along with severe deterrent penalties such as lengthy suspensions for breaches† (Kale 275). With fighting and other intentional head hits, hockey has now been listed as a sport that results in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is associated with memory disturbances, behavioural and personality changes, Parkinsonism, and speech and gait abnormalities (Kale 275). Moreover, players often overestimate the level of protection their face masks and helmets offer. This can be a contributing factor to cheap shots and reckless play, which in turn leads to fighting. These factors reveal that fighting merely contributes insult to injury. Conclusion Overall, fighting does not have a legitimate place in NHL hockey and thinking otherwise can lead to serious injury for all involved parties. Harsher penalties for illegal assaults and fighting should be implemented for both of them to stop occurring (immediate removal and future game suspension) and remove any gratuitous violence from NHL hockey. Sources Colburn, Kenneth Jr. â€Å"Honor, ritual and violence in ice hockey. † Canadian Journal of Sociology. 10. 2 (1985). 153-168. Web. Juhn, Mark, et al. â€Å"Violence and Injury in Ice Hockey. † Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 12 (2002):46-51. Web. Kale, Rajendra. â€Å"Stop the violence and play hockey. † Canadian Medical Association Journal. 184. 3 (2012): 275. Web. McMurtry, John. â€Å"How Competition Goes Wrong. † Journal of Applied Philosophy. 8. 2 (1991) 201-210. Web. Parry, Jim. â€Å"Violence and aggression in contemporary sport. † Ethics and Sport. Ed. Mike McNamee. London: E FN Spon, 1998. 205-224. Web. How to cite Moral Philosophy Sport – Hockey Violence, Papers

Cash Flow Statement free essay sample

With the development and publication of SFAS 95, the primary categories of cash flow are defined as operating, investing and financing activities. SFAS 95 also defined cash to include cash equivalents with maturities of 90 days or less, such as treasury bills, commercial paper and money market funds Compelling Reasons for requiring a statement of Cash Flow: * Information provided: The statement of cash flows can provide the information that other financial statements can’t provide.The other financial statements such as Balance Sheet, which represents the company’s financial condition at a specific point in time, the Income Statement, which presents the results of operations, i. e. profit or loss, for a specific period of time, and the Statement of Owners Equity, which details the changes in the value of the owners stake in the company. In accrual accounting, these other documents are based on when transactions took place, rather than when cash changed hands. We will write a custom essay sample on Cash Flow Statement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Statement of Cash Flows provides the data on what happened from a cash perspective. They present relevant information about the cash receipts and cash payments of an enterprise during a period. Statements of financial position include information that is often used in assessing an entity’s liquidity and financial flexibility, but a statement of financial position provided only an incomplete picture of either liquidity or financial flexibility unless it is used in conjunction with at least a cash flow statement.There are 3 major categories for the information that is reported on the Statement of Cash Flows. They are operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Between the three major areas, every aspect of a business’ transactions is covered. For example, it shows how a company purchases and finances an asset instead of just showing the amount. * Usefulness:The information provided in a statement of cash flows, if used with related disclosures and information in the other financial statements, can help investors, creditors, and others to (a) assess the enterprise’s ability to generate positive future net cash flows; (b) assess the enterprise’s ability to meet its obligations, its ability to pay dividends, and its needs for external financing; (c) assess the reasons for differences between net income and associated cash receipts and payments; and (d) assess the effects on an enterprise’s financial position of both its cash and noncash investing and financing transactions during the period; (e) improve the comparability of different fi rms operating performance by eliminating the effects of different accounting methods.For example, in Balance sheet, some companies may use FIFO method to measure inventory while some others may use LIFO method; (f) assess future cash flows, provide feedback about actual cash flows; (g) Cash flow statement helps for appraisal of various capital investment programmers to determine their profitability and viability. Support and Criticisms for Statement of Cash Flows: * A general criticism is that cash flow statements are not meaningful for some institutions such as financial institutions, small businesses, investment companies and non-for-profit organizations. Thus, the information in the statement of cash flows is not useful. In the case of financial institutions, the identification of the core operating activities is important, because they differ markedly from nonfinancial companies in this respect. Consider commercial banking institutions, where the core operations can be divided between on–balance sheet activities and off–balance sheet activities.The off–balance sheet activities consist primarily of fee-based activities for services rendered that do not create an asset or a liability. These create no problem for the cash flow presentation because they appear on the income statement and flow directly through the operating section of the cash flow statement. The major problems are created by activities that have significant impact on the balance sheet. They are: 1) managing the accounts of depositors, which appears on the balance sheet as liabilities; 2) lending money to customers, which appears on the balance sheet as assets; and 3) trading in securities, which appears on the bala nce sheet as assets.If these are a bank’s core operations, one would expect them to be in the operating activities section of the cash flow statement. Instead, customer deposits are listed as financing activities, while loans to customers and securities activities appear in the investing activities section. As a result, the figure for â€Å"cash provided by operations† is meaningless. In other words, the breakdown of cash flows into operating, investing, and financing activities—as presently constituted for financial institutions—is not useful to readers of the financial statements. A totally new form of presentation is needed to provide useful cash flow information. * Reporting of Operating ActivitiesAlthough the accounting profession talks about the importance of comparability of financial information, the fact that interest paid is treated as an operating activity while dividends paid is treated as a financing activity makes it difficult, if not impossible, to compare the performance of companies that make different financing choices. Analysts have resorted to their own measures to make such comparisons. On e of the most common is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA); however, other means to compare exist, with no commonly agreed upon measure for all to use. Up to now, the accounting profession has simply ignored the issue. The only analytical measure that has been dealt with by the accounting profession is earnings per share, because this must be presented on the income statement. A second problem affecting the operating activities involves the financing of receivables.Years ago, receivables were financed through borrowing, with receivables pledged as collateral. The monies received were treated as a financing activity, which was appropriate. In recent years, however, increasing concern on keeping debt off the balance sheet has led companies to replace the above treatment with sales of receivables, with and without recourse. Economically, these activities still represent a form of financing. The accounting rules, however, allow these transactions to be treated as operating activities instead of financing activities. This makes these transactions doubly attractive to companies: They keep the borrowing off the balance sheet and inflate cash provided by operations. Economically, the ledge of accounts receivable is the same as the sale of accounts receivable, but they are treated differently in the cash flow statement. This treatment is inconsistent. Another problem that causes distortions in operating cash flows stems from the treatment of dividends received as an operating activity rather than as an investing activity. When a company has significant investments in affiliated companies, it has the ability to manipulate its own â€Å"cash provided by operations† by increasing the dividends it receives from such companies. This simple technique has been used by many companies to inflate operating cash flows. Furthermore, dividend income comes from investments.If the former is shown in the section of operating activities, and the latter placed in investing activities, the financial statement reader will not be able to visualize the whole picture of investment strategy. Another potentially serious distortion to operating cash flows comes from the rule that requires taxes to be treated as an operating activity, even when the gain being taxed is included in investing activities. For example, consider a company that has low operating profit but has a large gain from the sale of investments. The bulk of the pretax income is from this gain, and therefore the bulk of the income tax expense is related to this gain.On the statement of cash flows, however, the gain is removed from operating activities and included under investing activities instead, as part of the proceeds from the sale of the investments. But the income tax expense on that gain remains in the operating activities sections, genera ting substantial negative cash from operations. This clearly is misleading, and violates the matching rules required on the income statement. * The Investing Activities Section For many years, the distinction between cash equivalents (investments having no principal risk) and other marketable securities has caused serious confusion for the untrained reader of financial statements.Cash equivalents are treated as part of cash, while marketable securities are shown as investing activities. Where a company’s portfolio manager does a lot of trading and switching between these two types of securities, very large numbers will appear in the investing activities section as â€Å"purchases of marketable securities† and â€Å"sales of marketable securities. † It is not uncommon to see financial statements in which these numbers represent the largest cash flows. Were one to ask the untrained reader what the most significant events for the company were during the year, the answer might be the purchasing and selling of mar ketable securities.Yet these numbers are irrelevant for understanding the company’s performance. They merely clutter up the statement and cause confusion. Another major problem with the investing activities section is that it is based on the rule that only cash amounts may be shown in investing and financing activities. Thus, for example, if one company acquired another at a cost of $10 billion, but only $1 billion of it was in cash, with the rest paid in the form of debt and equity instruments, the cash flow statement would show only the $1 billion cash amount paid as the cost of the acquisition. The other $9 billion would be relegated to a footnote. The untrained reader would get a false picture of the true cost of the acquisition.This is another example showing the deficiency of the current rules in preparing the cash flow statement. The rules ignore the vision of a complete transaction. * Indirect Method vs. Direct Method 1. Advantages of Indirect Method The principal advantage of the indirect method is that it highlights the differences between net income and NCFO. Highlighting these differences is useful when using NCFO as an alternative performance metric to report the cash flow and accrual components of net income. As a result, the indirect method helps users understand the leads and lags between NCFO and net income. It highlights the operating changes in non-cash working capital accounts.For example, the indirect method highlights any buildup of operating receivables (payables) that decrease (increase) NCFO relative to net income, or the reduction of operating receivables (payables) that increase (decrease) NCFO relative to net income. 2. Disadvantages of Indirect Method The principal disadvantage of the indirect method is that it does not report actual operating inflows and outflows. It reports only one cash flow for operating activities — NCFO. For this reason, operating activities are reported net, not gross, under the indirect method. As a result, the indirect method is less informative than the direct method supplemented by a reconciliation of net income and NCFO.It is also criticized for repeating information already presented in the income statement and the comparative balance sheet. 3. Advantages of Direct Method SFAS-95 notes that the principal advantage of the direct method is that it is more informative than the indirect method because it reports operating cash receipts and payments. In a fundamental sense, the direct method is finer, or more informative, than the indirect method. The direct method with the reconciliation provides all the information provided by the indirect method plus information on gross operating inflows and outflows. Accordingly, report users could effortlessly transform a direct method cash flow statement into an indirect method cash flow statement.However, report users cannot effortlessly transform an indirect method cash flow statement into a direct method cash flow statement because information on gross operating inflows and outflows is not provided. Accordingly, the direct method is finer, or more informative, than the indirect method. 4. Disadvantages of Direct Method Those companies that use the direct method are required under SFAS-95 to provide a supplemental reconciliation of net income and NCFO. As a result, the direct method requires more work than the indirect method. Additionally, some accountants caution that a direct method cash flow statement seemingly duplicates similar information presented in the income statement and thereby may undermine user perception of the usefulness of accrual basis income measurement.In response to the FASB Exposure Draft, which favored but did not propose to require the direct method, many spokesmen for corporate management claimed that the direct method is impractical and costly to apply. More specifically, they claimed that the direct method would require costly modifications of accounting information systems to routinely generate information on operating cash inflows and outflows not previously accumulated. Additionally, few public companies issued direct method statements o f changes in financial position prior to the adoption of SFAS-95 than the indirect method. Influence of this statement * How can the Statement of Cash Flows be used by the investment community to determine how healthy a company may be?One primary use is to help determine future risk. A company generally will record the revenue that drives earnings when their customers receive their merchandise, whether the customer has paid for the merchandise or not. The Statement of Cash Flows can show the investment community how much cash is actually collected. So, if earnings are good yet cash collections are not, the investor should be worried: future earnings could be at risk if bad debt becomes an issue. * Investors can also get a feel for whether or not a company is playing earnings games by comparing net income on the Income Statement with Cash from Operating Activities from the Statement of Cash Flows.Investment analysts typically like to see a ratio of those two numbers close to one, because the closer it is to one, the higher-quality the earnings are considered. * Investment experts also like to compare the rates at which net income and operating cash are growing. If the two have historically moved at similar rates but cash is now slowing, it represents an early war ning sign that the company may soon experience issues. Accounting experts pay a great deal of attention to accounts receivable, representing what customers owe the company. When receivables rise at a faster pace than sales, the company may be having trouble collecting what its customers owe.Since cash isnt flowing in as it should be, a rise shows up as a negative on the cash-flow statement. * An analysis of the Statement of Cash Flows can also provide an early warning that demand for the companys products are softening. Because the purchase of inventory requires cash, an increase in inventory causes cash to fall. On the other hand, when liabilities such as accounts payable increase, so should a companys cash balances. By delaying payment to its creditors, management can free up cash. This is not always a good thing for the company to do, because it could be stringing its customers, partners, and vendors along. Possible Changes and the reasons for the proposed changes * Direct Method vs. Indirect Method

How Animals Interact in an Ecosystem

How Animals Interact in an Ecosystem Animals interact with each other in numerous, complex ways. However, we can make some general statements about these interactions. This enables us to better understand the role that species play within their ecosystems and how individual species can positively or negatively affect the species around them. Of the various types of interactions between species, most involve resources and consumers. A resource, in ecological terms, is something (such as food, water, habitat, sunlight, or prey) that is required by an organism to perform a vital function such as growth or reproduction. A consumer is an organism that consumes a resource (such as predators, herbivores, or detritivores). Most interactions between animals involve one or more competitor species vying for a resource. Species interactions can be categorized into four basic groups based on how the participating species are affected by the interaction. They include competitive interactions, consumer-resource interactions, detritivore-detritus interactions, and mutualistic interactions. Competitive Interactions Competitive interactions are interactions involving two or more species that are vying for the same resource. In these interactions, both of the species involved are negatively  affected. Competitive interactions are in many cases indirect, such as when two species both consume the same resource but do not  directly interact with each other. Instead, they affect each other by  reducing the availability of the resource. An example of this type of interaction might be seen between lions and hyenas. Since both species feed on the same prey, they negatively affect each other by reducing the amount of that prey. One species may have trouble hunting in an area where the other is already present. Consumer-resource Interactions Consumers of consumer-resource interactions include predator-prey interactions and herbivore-plant interactions. These consumer-resource interactions affect the species involved in different ways. Usually, this type of interaction has a positive impact on the consumer species and a negative impact on the resource species. An example of a consumer-resource interaction would be a lion eating a zebra, or a zebra feeding on grass. In the first example, the zebra is the resource, while in the second example it is the consumer. Detritivore-detritus Interactions Detritivore-detritus interactions involve a species that consumes the detritus (dead or decomposing organic matter) of another species. The detritivore-detritus interaction is a positive interaction for the consumer species. It has no impact on the resource species since it is already dead. Detritivores include small creatures such as millipedes, slugs, woodlice, and sea cucumbers. By cleaning up decomposing plant and animal matter, they play an important role in maintaining the health of ecosystems. Mutualistic Interactions Mutualistic interactions are interactions in which both speciesresource and consumerbenefit from the interaction. An example of this is the relationship between plants and pollinators. Nearly three-quarters of flowering plants rely on animals to help them pollinate. In exchange for this service, animals such as bees and butterflies are rewarded with food in the form of pollen or nectar. The interaction is beneficial for both species, plants, and animals.

Argumentative Essay Topics

Argumentative Essay Topics Argumentative Essay Topics Argumentative Essay Topics Writing an argumentative essay refers to the process of reasoning by advancing arguments. However, it doesn't mean that you should write an essay with raises voices and heats tempers. On no account do this! Argumentative essay writing is the product of careful research and thoughtful consideration of all aspects that one can acquire about the subject. The goal of argumentative essay writing is to teach you how to think objectively and logically. Argumentative essay writing demands the writer to examine the arguments by checking them with the strength of the reasons which hold such arguments. Argumentative essay writing should present a dialog within the essay itself. The writer should examine several sides of the subject and demonstrate why the chosen side is the most problematic, interesting, or logically correct.   Writing an argumentative essay is similar to persuasive essay writing. Argumentative persuasive essay topics need to be aimed at persuading the reader to accept writer's position on the subject. It is rather a difficult task, but you must achieve it. The second task is to explain why you've adhered to that position. The secondary goal recognizes the fact that it is a difficult objective to persuade, but that at least you can explain your position. In short, it is a dialog between you and the readers. In this dialog, you should introduce the subject, make a claim, discuss necessary background information, and then present the evidence for the position. Make an outline to organize your ideas and essay writing better. Introduction paragraph should present a brief explanation of the question or problem, justifying its importance. It should also contain thesis statement of the position you defend. Body paragraphs present evidence for your opinion. Include as much information as will be needed to support your point of view. Present the opposite points of view and the evidence or reasoning behind the other perspectives. You shouldn't avoid other points of view, their presence helps you to gain understanding from the readers. Using evidence and reasoning you will explain why the opposition's perspective is not valid. Conclusion restates original position and thesis statement. While writing an essay, you should understand the difference between argument and point of view. Yes, it is true that all claims start out as opinions. At first sight, it may seem that argumentative essay is simply asking you to write down your opinion. The most considerable difference is that argument should present a claim supported by reasoning and evidence which persuades your reader that the thesis of your essay writing is a valid one.   An opinion is a statement that is not supported by logic or evidence. Custom Argumentative Essay Cannot decide on the topic for your argumentative essay?   Not a problem!  is available 24/7 to assist you with argumentative essay writing!   It is so easy to be our clients because our prices are reasonable, our writers are experienced, and we are never late with delivery!   We provide you with custom written papers only!

Summarize, in detail, an uploaded article in psychology Essay

Summarize, in detail, an uploaded article in psychology - Essay Example Klonsky has pointed out that the results of some studies suggest that it is found among 14% of college students, that more women self injure and that self injury has become increasingly common in recent years. The results of studies also show that the tendency to injure oneself first starts to appear between the ages of 14 to 14 and the most common form of injury is skin cutting, which occurs in about 70 to 97% of individuals. Self injury can be damaging for individuals because it causes physical injuries necessitating medical treatment, which could even be severe enough to lead to death. More damaging however, is the psychological distress caused to the victim and his or her loved ones. The rest of the article deals with the 18 empirical studies. Klonsky’s review has included only those studies which directly address the functions of self injury, i.e, studies which assess the motivation and reasons for self injury as well as the variables associated with self injury, such as affect states and preceding events. The seven common functions repeatedly examined in these studies include (a) affect regulation or self injury as a response to alleviate acute negative affect (b) anti-disassociation, or ending the experience of disassociation (c) anti-suicide, or to combat the urge to commit suicide (d) interpersonal boundaries or to assert one’s autonomy (e) interpersonal influence or to seek help from others (f) self punishment and (g) sensation seeking.( Klonsky, 2007:229). The author also states that three primary methodologies have been used in the studies to examine the above functions, namely (i) self reports of injurers where they discuss the reasons why they injure themselves (ii) self report of phenomenology, where self injurers talk about the experience of self injury and (iii) laboratory studies. The laboratory studies do not rely upon self reporting; rather the injurers are asked to perform

Aspirin Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Aspirin - Coursework Example ration, a standard titration and a colourimetry experiment will be undertaken to determine the amount of acetylsalicylic acid in each of three commercially available aspirin brands (as well as acetylsalicylic acid created in the laboratory – see below). Back titration involves using phenolphthalein as an indicator, as well as the principles of the pH scale to determine how much of the acid is present by using known quantities of a basic solution (in this case NaOH). Colorimetry involves the use of iron (III) chloride, a strongly coloured compound, to determine how much of the acetylsalicylic acid is available by using a previously calibrated scale of light reflection and colour density. 2) (AS) Which purification method is the most appropriate and accurate? To answer this aim, we need to compare the three methods outlined above, colourimetry, standard titration and back titration. We can do this by seeing which produces the most consistent results by adding the results to a ch art and measuring the standard deviation of the results given. 3) (AS) Which type of titration (back or forward) is the most appropriate in this situation? There are two types of titration that can be used in this experiment. Back titration relies on the use of an excess of alkali and reacting this excess with acid to determine the concentration. Forward titration relies on the acid + base = salt + water principle. We can see which one works faster and gives standardised results. 4) (AS) Which type of acid (monoprotic or diprotic or triprotic) is the most effective in the purification process? A monoprotic acid is one that can donate one proton per molecule during the dissociation process; a diprotic can donate two and a triprotic can donate three. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is an example of a... There are certain chemically proven ways to show the purity of aspirin, or the % yield of salicylic acid in these tablets. The first aim here suggests that it is important to test the effectiveness of several different methods, and this means completing at least two different types of test on the commercially available aspirin. One of the most widely used ways of testing the purity of aspirin is known as back titration. This involves destroying the aspirin using a known concentration of an alkali. This leaves a certain quantity of the alkali remaining, and back titration then involves using a known quantity and concentration of an acid to help determine the amount of alkali remaining. Colorimetry is a widely used way of testing chemicals based on the principal of light reflection. In this case, the equipment is available in the laboratory. We need to use more than one different method to answer aim two. Chemically, it is always important to do a number of tests. In this case, part of the method suggests that each type of aspirin be tested three times; this will help give us a mean that is a more accurate result than the use of simply one test which could be false. Another important thing in chemistry is comparison, and this is why the methods here suggest using at least three different brands of commercially available aspirin to show how much salicylic acid is found in these tablets. Repeating the experiment will also give a more accurate rate of reaction, which will help to answer some of the aims above.

ISTE NETS Standards for Teachers

ISTE NETS Standards for Teachers Module 1: Assessing Strengths and Improvement Opportunities Comparison to NETS-T Standard 1: Facilitate and Inspire Student Learning and Creativity I believe I do a fairly good job of engaging students in exploring real-world issues and solving authentic problems using digital media and tools (NETS-T 1b). For example, most of my international ELLs are majoring in international trade. Therefore, I have my business English students do a business plan proposal and presentation. In small groups, students use the Internet to research opportunities and possibilities for starting their own business. They also have to create a business plan indicating their product or service, cost structure, and projected profits or losses for the first, second, third, and fifth years, among other things. They then organize this information into a PowerPoint presentation and present their proposals to the class. Students then vote for the proposal that is the most realistic and plausible and has the best chance of success. Many aspects of this multi-faceted assignment deal with real-world issues and authentic problems and use digital tools and resource s to address them. I am, however, relatively weak on NETS-T 1c, promoting student reflection. Standard 2: Design and Develop Digital-Age Learning Experiences and Assessments I believe the business plan example discussed above is also decent example of a Digital-Age Learning Experience that adapt[s] relevant learning experiences that incorporate digital tools and resources to promote student learning and creativity (NETS-T 2a). Students learn to do Internet research and use common office productivity software while acquiring and learning to communicate in business English. During the term, students also have to send me several business-related emails such as asking for more information, placing an order, checking an orders status, complaining as a customer, and handling complaints from customers. We do similar topics as phone calls as well. These sorts of activities provide me with formative and summative assessment data (NETS-T 2d). Lawton (2014) says that 21st century assessments must move beyond simple right and wrong answers. PowerPoints, presentations, emails, and phone calls go a long way toward accomplishing that goal. Standard 3: Model Digital-Age Work and Learning I do very little with digital communication or collaboration with students or colleagues beyond email and WeChat (a Chinese real-time messaging and social media app similar to WhatsApp). There are three primary reasons for this: culture, government restrictions, and my own ignorance. Culturally, everyone in China uses WeChat for both personal and professional communications. I, however, find it inadequate for professional or academic correspondence or collaboration. WeChat is so pervasive, in fact, that while most Chinese have email accounts, they rarely use them or even check them. It is common for me to send an email then use WeChat to inform the recipient that an email has been sent. Chinas Great Firewall (i.e. government restriction) is another barrier. The Chinese government blocks many Western websites and web-based services such Google (including Gmail, Google Docs, Google Classroom, Google Translate, Google Scholar, and YouTube, etc.), Twitter, and Facebook. VPNs to get aroun d such blocks are available, but they are often expensive, unreliable, and the government does its best to ban and block them as well. Finally, my own ignorance is a barrier. I simply have not taken the time to research and explore the options that may be available to me in China. Part of the reason is time, part of it is complacency. I simply have not had the motivation to investigate. Standard 4: Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility This standard is also quite difficult to meet in my current environment. China has a reputation for weak protection of intellectual property (IP) rights. While Chinas written IP laws are comparable to those of more developed nations, they were written only relatively recently, the courts have little experience with IP cases, and enforcement is inconsistent (Ang, Yingmei, Chaopeng, 2014). For example, from firsthand experience, Beijing is filled with DVD stores that cater to foreigners. Every Western DVD is bootlegged and pirated. Likewise, counterfeit bags, shoes, and clothing are easily available even though the government has shut down many of the offending shops in recent years. They just reopen elsewhere. Similarly, it is very common for university students to purchase photocopies of required textbooks. Any copy center in Beijing is happy to copy a textbook, even the ones on campus. In fact, two years ago I attempted to require my students to buy authentic copies of my class req uired text but I was swiftly reprimanded by my superiors. No, no, no, no, no! my supervisor said. Authentic books are far too expensive. Our students cannot afford them, I was told. Photocopies are better! The universities are owned, operated, and controlled by the same government that writes and enforces IP laws. It is little wonder that foreigners have the impression that copyright laws and intellectual property rights do not exist in China in any meaningful way. Having said that, one thing I am able to do-and I do it zealously-is insist upon proper documentation and citation of sources. I do my best to investigate, verify, and prove suspected plagiarism but it is difficult to do so when Yahoo is the only tool at my disposal. I would like to invest in a service such as Turnitin to catch, or better yet, prevent plagiarism. Standard 5: Engage in Professional Growth and Leadership Rogers (2003, cited in Oncu, Delialioglu, Brown, 2008, p. 21) identified five types of people with regard to technology adoption: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. My level of resistance seems to be increasing as I age. I know I am not the innovator I once was; at this point I might classify myself as mid-majority had Rogers included that type in his scheme. I think part of professional growth and leadership with regards to technology is to approach technology with a more critical eye than is typical. While there are many undeniable benefits to using technology in the classroom, there are also potential dangers, drawbacks, and disadvantages that appear to be overlooked, ignored, or dismissed out of hand (Langford, Narayan, Von Glahn, 2016). For example, concerns have been raised that overreliance on technology can cause declines in critical thinking and analytical skills (Porter, 2014; Greenfield, 2009, cited in Langford, Narayan, Von Glahn, 2016) and that overdependence on the Internet hampers peoples ability to think, understand, retain, and analyze information (Carr, 2010; Ciarcia, 2012; Friedman Heafner, 2012, cited in Langford, Narayan, Von Glahn, 2016). Finally, Bauerlein (2008) believes that the digital age has generated access to immense information at the expense of making us dumber. He worries that the younger generation is increasingly disconnected from culture, history, politics and context contributing to ignorance and apathy (cited in Langford, Narayan, Von Glahn, 2016, p. 4). I think it behooves teachers and educators to acknowledge both sides of the debate and not automatically assume that any and all technology is beneficial or even harmless. Our students often embrace new technology cavalierly. Therefore, as teachers, educators, and leaders, it is incumbent upon us to evaluate the use and potential consequences of technology before adopting it rather than blindly follow the pervasive culture. In oth er words, if overuse of technology is part of the problem, as some believe, is more technology really the answer? As leaders we must ask hard questions and be willing to defy the status quo (Bennis, 1989, cited in Shoup, 2016). Conclusion I believe I have done a fairly good job of meeting some of the indictors of the ISTE NETS standards for teachers. On the other hand, some of the standards and their indicators will be difficult to meet in my Chinese university teaching and learning context. Even so, there are two things I believe I can do to further develop the skills I need to meet the NETS-T standards and indicators. My first goal is to research age-appropriate online collaborative tools available and accessible in China. Such tools will help my business English students further develop their English reading and writing proficiency as well as prepare them for their future careers where such collaboration is commonplace. Secondly, I want to develop my professional growth and leadership by researching and understanding the potential problems and pitfalls presented by technology beyond the three most commonly associated with youth-predators, plagiarism, and porn-and how to mitigate them. Technology Integration Matrix (TIM) Below is a Technology Integration Matrix reflecting my business English class for my international university students. I chose this class because I believe it is the most technology-integrated class I currently teach. My TOEFL and IELTS workshops are far less technology-dependent. In fact, I felt it necessary to create and add a new Level of Technology Integration to the Matrix: Non‑Integration. There are several reasons why a teacher may not integrate certain aspects of technology with his or her instruction including, but not limited to, unawareness that such technology exists, ignorance regarding its use, a lack of resources or access, or a rationale where such use is deemed inappropriate (Kayalar, 2016). For example, I myself am unaware of age-appropriate online resources for goal-directed learning that are available and accessible in China. Levels of Technology Integration into the Curriculum Non-Integration Entry Adoption Adaptation Infusion Transformation Learning Environment Characteristics Active Students use technology seamlessly (e.g. Word, Excel, PowerPoint, the Internet) as they create business plans, proposals, and presentations as a means to develop English language proficiency. Collaborative Students primarily work alone or in pairs or small groups when researching and creating their business plans and proposals. Most if not all collaboration is done in person. Constructive Students select and use appropriate technology tools and resources to create and present a complete business plan and proposal in English. Authentic Students select and use appropriate technology tools and resources to create and present a complete business plan and proposal in English. Goal-Directed Students do not use technology in this manner. Goal 1 I would like my business English international students and myself to research and explore age-appropriate goal-directed online resources available and accessible in China that will aid their English-language acquisition and use. This might effectively move us from Goal‑Oriented / Non-Integration to Goal-Oriented / Entry. Researching English-language educational tools in English will itself help build students English-language vocabulary and reading comprehension skills as they try to discover online tools and ways they can be used to facilitate other aspects of their language acquisition and use. Goal 2 I would like to move my business English international students from Collaborative / Entry to Collaborative / Adoption. In China, WeChat is the preferred means of real-time messaging and communication. However, email is more common in other parts of the world, especially in professional business environments. I would like to extend email (or other collaborative tools) use into the arena of real-world collaboration as opposed to the merely academic exercise it is currently. Conclusion While many benefits of integrating technology across the curriculum are strong and undeniable, several barriers remain. These barriers might be categorized as external (relative to the teacher) or internal. External barriers largely involve the availability and accessibility of age-appropriate technological tools and resources, and are largely outside the teachers control. Student social-economic status, school or district funding, or government policy and regulation are all examples of external barriers that may make it difficult to fully integrate technology inside the classroom. Internal barriers to technological integration pertain to teacher willingness, knowledge, and skill, and their legitimate concerns regarding student welfare as well as founded or unfounded prejudices and biases against technology. I would like to echo Langford, Narayan, and Von Glahns (2016) caution against using technology for technologys sake and instead thoughtfully and critically adopt only those techn ologies and methods proven to enhance the student educational experience, in my case, the acquisition and use of the English language at the university level. References Ang, J. S., Yingmei, C., Chaopeng, W. (2014). Does enforcement of intellectual property rights matter in china? Evidence from financing and investment choices in the high-tech industry. Review of Economics Statistics, 96(2), 332-348. Kayalar, F. (2016). Cross-cultural comparison of teachers views upon integration and use of technology in classroom. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 15(2), 11-19. Langford, S., Narayan, A., Von Glahn, N. (2016). Revisiting the technology and student learning debates: Critical issues and multiple perspectives. Transformative Dialogues: Teaching Learning Journal, 9(2), 1-15. Lawton, D. (2014). Beyond bubble sheets and number two pencils: Assessment in the digital age. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 81(1), 53-58. Oncu, S., Delialioglu, O., Brown, C. A. (2008). Critical components for technology integration: How do instructors make decisions? The Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 27(1), 19-46. Shoup, J. R. (2016). Leadership, organizational, and institutional studies: Reconciling and teaching competing perspectives. Journal of Leadership Education, 15(4), 167-182.

The Idea of Progressivism

The idea of Progressivism came with the belief that society was capable of improvement and that continued growth and advancement were the destiny of this great nation. The muckrakers were among the first people to promote this new and profound nationalistic spirit. Many were persuasive and crusading journalists who began to direct public attention and discretion toward the political, social, and economic injustices of the US during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They strove to expose scandal and corruption to the American public. Ellen Fitzpatrick†s Muckraking: Three Landmark Articles, presents famous articles by Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, and Ray Stannard Baker which appeared in the January, 1903 edition of McClure†s Magazine. The articles examine political corruption, the emergence and behavior of giant corporations, and labor racketeering in industrial America. The article by Lincoln Steffens mostly focused on the problems and examples of corruption, as well as the challenge of reform. Steffens began to develop a somewhat paradoxical view of good and evil in city politics at a young age (Fitzpatrick, 20). This frame of mind led to his views in the article, The Shame of Minneapolis. The intertwined processes of urbanization, industrialization and immigration meant that American cites mushroomed in the late nineteenth century. â€Å"The city† became an increasingly complex organism, which required sanitation, water, building codes, zoning regulations, policing. But as the city administration expanded, so did opportunities to misuse government power. Throughout, the Progressive period calls for electoral reform and/or increased â€Å"efficiency† and â€Å"scientific management† in municipal affairs were paired with revelations of corruption in municipal politics and policing. Steffens agreed with these reforms all along as well as political thieve! Tarbell is using an historical example to illustrate the use of trusts and holding companies by entrepreneurs seeking monopoly control of various industrial sectors in the United States with her article, The Oil War of 1872. As Tarbell hints in this article, despite the failure of the South Improvement Company, John D. Rockefeller eventually succeeded in dominating the petroleum industry through the Standard Oil Company. Rockefeller pioneered the â€Å"trust† form of organization when he founded the Standard Oil Trust in 1879. Standard Oil became, along with Andrew Carnegie†s U. S. Steel, the most notorious of the powerful â€Å"trusts,† a term that came to be applied to all large industrial combinations whether or not they followed the formal â€Å"trust† model of investing. Rockefeller eventually built the largest private fortune in the United States and became perhaps the prototypical Gilded Age â€Å"robber baron,† reviled for his ruthless business practices. The federal government successful! ly prosecuted Standard Oil for monopolistic practices in 1906, and the trust was forced to disband. In a sense, this was the exact outcome Ida Tarbell was aiming for in writing this article. â€Å"She presented the â€Å"facts† of the oil scandal as she had come to understand them, believing that an objective account would best serve the evidence† (Fitzpatrick, 27). Many wondered, however, if Tarbell was prejudice toward big business. Nevertheless, Tarbell most likely just believed in fair play, taught to her by her father who was one of the men who resisted the Southern Improvement Company. Ray Stannard Baker†s article, The Right to Work, relates to the 1902 anthracite coal strike in Pennsylvania that lasted over five months. The miners wanted the mine owners to recognize their new union, the United Mine Workers of America but the owners refused to bargain with the UMW. The miners were also looking for a 10-20% increase in wages and an eight-hour work. As the winter of 1902-03 approached, President Roosevelt ordered the mine owners and UMW president to the White House to negotiate. When the mine owners still refused to compromise, Roosevelt told the owners that if they did not agree to arbitration, he would send 10,000 federal troops to seize their property and get the mines working. Previously, federal troops had only been called in to support the management side in labor disputes. The very surprised mine owners agreed to arbitration and the miners eventually went back to work with a10% increase and a nine-hour day. Although he enjoyed a public reputation as a ! â€Å"trust buster† fighting powerful capitalists on behalf of less affluent Americans, Roosevelt was not in favor of getting rid of the trusts and large corporations. He believed that large-scale capitalism brought prosperity and efficiency to the American economy. The job of the federal government was to police or regulate big business to stop the worst misuses of power. The mine owners, in Roosevelt†s view, were abusing their power and they were threatening the well-being of Americans who needed coal to heat their homes. Roosevelt†s handling of the coal strike was very popular with ordinary Americans, Baker in particular. Conclusively, these articles give the reader a broad understanding of the nature of â€Å"Progressivism. † Each of the issues presented in the three articles points out particular flaws of American society in the early 1900s. They are brought forward to the public in a manner such that people will realize these flaws and strive to change them, â€Å"progress† forward, and improve the nation. As a result, the muckrakers including Steffens, Tarbell, and Baker, played a big part in Progressivism. In my opinion, the Progressives approached these attempted social reforms just right. They were not too radical or too conservative. This is evident in how much society changed in that period for the better, and the condition of our society today for that matter. If people such as the muckrakers had not attempted to reform the nation, who knows where it would be today. They must have done something right so I would conclude that they achieved their goals just right.

The Top Secret Truth About Creative Writting Revealed

The Top Secret Truth About Creative Writting Revealed The 30-Second Trick for Creative Writting In case you have any questions, get in touch with the organization and request the essential information so you can in case the training course is well organized. Whether for stage or screen, there are several elements to think about when writing a script. Setting includes the moment, place, context, and atmosphere where the plot happens. You can pick a person who you understand well, or you are able to write from the standpoint of an imagined character. For the time being, however, people who seek growth in every area of their lives can turn to journal writing as a convenient, affordable facet of overall self-care. Life may imitate art a lot more than art imitates life, but in regards to creative writing, life has the capacity to inspire creative writing. Think about a moment whenever your life took a significant turn or a function that sparked a realization for you. Other people argue it doesn't exist whatsoever. Next, you should refine your craft abilities and display them to the world. To receive their creative juices flowing, teens can take a favorite song and provide it new lyrics. First the teacher should print an assortment of faceless bodies on plain paper. Imagine that you're an animal in the zoo. If you submit an assignment that's plagiarized, your teachers are likely to disqualify you without another thought and you're going to be accused of academic dishonesty. Telling teachers well in advance is important to permit the class time and forethought required to create as much work. Occasionally teachers are requested to add a particular project or topic that appears to be missing or needs some pumping up. The student will get knowledgeable about the most important elements of psychoanalytic criticism, Marxism and feminism and analyze the significance of structuralism and post-structuralism. Get Out Your Pocketbook You may have a writing fair without having to spend a good deal of money. It is possible to advertise openly on Facebook if you are ready to pay the price however, you may also take part in subtle selling at zero cost if you place your mind to it. An abandoned home sat at the peak of the hill. Ruthless Creative Writting Strategies Exploited Technical writing covers a wide range of areas and includes various varieties of technical writing areas. Support is readily available for as much as four decades, subject to satisfactory performance. Engineering Large investments are created by the government and institutions in the area of engineering. UK courses are highly reputed as a result of application of conventional and contemporary teaching tactics. Finance courses are highly opted as a result of wonderful course content. Should students not advance past the intermediate level, they may decide to complete the minor with different classes given in creative writing. Many students decide to pursue a level of double honors, combining business degree with different fields of study, so they can benefit from both. What's Really Happening with Creative Writting Despite the high number of academic creative writing programs around the world, many individuals argue that creative writing may not be taught. In creative writing, you can employ your imagination and pretend anything you need and help the reader to do the exact same. Assume your reader is wholly ignorant concerning the subject. The very first line is frequently a question a writer requires as a way to craft a whole story. Read my essay writing service reviews and my guide to selecting the very best service for everything you will need to understand about how to select the best writing businesses. For all sorts of questions and necessary support, you are able to take assistance from our custom writing service, which is a well-reputed company in conditions of creative writing. It's crucial that the service you select knows for sure they're only employing the very best essay writers. Employing a writing service is the best means to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to make sure the essays you write are hitting each of the crucial points and are at the appropriate depth needed for your academic grade. The vast majority of writing, definitely, is creative writing. Creating a regular writing exercise routine has become the most useful thing you can do in order to boost your writing and raise your creativity. By way of example, let's say I wish to come up with a college student persona for a quick story I am writing. Regrettably, it isn't always simple to think of a writing prompt each and every day.

Death Of A Salesman And Freuds Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2049 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/27 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Death Of A Salesman Essay Sigmund Freud Essay Did you like this example? Death of a Salesman in Relation to Freuds Analysis of Id, Ego, and Superego The complexities of human nature and familial relationships drive Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman. Though perhaps not deliberately meant as a psychological drama in the Freudian sense, Miller nonetheless has provided decades of analysis of human relationships via this play. The playwright created perfect vehicles for analysing human traits through a dysfunctional family whose actions and interrelationships magnify the basic Freudian concept of the human psyche. Throughout the play, Miller delineates intense drama that compares to what Freud labelled basic human components which govern an individuals entire behavioural pattern: the id, ego, and superego (Freud, Ego 10). These human elements are woven around a family whose central father figure, Willy Loman, an overly conflicted sixty-something salesman, drives and divides his family through psychological interplay, particularly between himself and his son Biff. Willy Lomans id, that part of Freuds most basic aspect of human development, refuses to accept the idea of failure. He possesses the innate idea that life is about taking what is wanted, what is needed in order to make a good impression. He passes this attitude to his sons, Biff and Happy (Harold), and their lives reflect this uncontrolled id. They appear to be guided by what Freud determined as the pleasure principle or the id which demands immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs (Cherry, 1). The real dilemma emerges when these needs are not instantaneously met. Anxiety, depression, and tension result. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Death Of A Salesman And Freuds Analysis" essay for you Create order In Arthur Millers description of the sons, he draws the picture of two well-built, athletic young men who are lost. Biffs mother comments that Biff is just lost, has not found himself yet; that is the reason he came back from Texas, no steady job, nothing certain in his life (Miller 8). The reasons for this discomfort in Biffs life emerge throughout the play. On the other hand, Happy appears more content, a powerfully built, sexually attractive young man, but underneath his outward display of bravado, Happy too has no direction in life. This becomes more evident when the two brothers talk about life in their old shared bedroom. Happy insists that 500 women would like to know what was said in this room (Miller 11). The talk continues in this vein interspersed with comments from their father who is actually talking to himself about days gone by in another part of the house. However, all the conversation and sub-talk demonstrate that none of the three grasp the idea that every need and desire cannot be immediately satisfied. To counter these three, Miller draws other characters into the action, Willy Lomans wife Linda attempts to drag her husband back to reality but with a gentleness borne of love. As Freud explained, the its control mechanism comes in the form of the ego which develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world (Freud, Childhood 3). Miller puts Linda in as a surrogate ego for her husband. However, Linda is not the only character attempting to draw Willy and the boys into reality, his neighbour and the only friend I have helps Willy with money and offered friendship (Miller 71). Willys id allows him to take weekly money from Charley, the immediate needs of paying bills and gratification must be met, but his ego refuses to accept the reality that he, Willy Loman, is not the greatest salesman ever and therefore cannot even bring himself to believe he failed as a salesman and accept a job offered by his only friend Charley. Happy is drawn into the Willy world too. He cannot face the reality that he is not a top manager in his work, but merely as Biff reminds him late in the play, a lowly third level errand boy. Happys sense of reality is underdeveloped, his ego suppresses itself in the id, the childlike man whose gratifications come from sexual exploits and he brags about these to his brother. His bragging rights extend to the fact that he knocks over women who are engaged to be married to his managers, this is the third executive Ive done it to (Miller 15). While the boys reminisce and cover their own inadequacies with false bravado, their father and mother play out the drama of id and ego in other parts of the house. Linda placates her husband, she loves him although underneath she recognizes his weaknesses and faults, but she refuses to let Willy down. In this she is keeping the id, the child in Willy alive, rather than allowing him to grow up, to let his conscience develop and recognize that reality kicks in and must be faced. For example in an early bedroom scene, Willy is facing himself in the mirror and he does not like his reflection. Im fat, or I talk too much comments in this vein and Linda, out of a misplaced sense of love, says he is the handsomest man (Miller 24). Linda infantilizes her husband; she only wants to keep his dreams alive, afraid that if he faces reality, he will self-destruct. Neither his sons nor Willy himself manage to adapt to reality. This becomes more evident throughout the drama as the tension between Willy and his beloved son Biff draw to a head. Biff admits to his brother that he drifts from job to job, held more than twenty or thirty jobs since he left home before the war (Miller 13). But every time Biff works himself to a point of facing reality, his brother or mother, his pal, will not let this happen (Miller 38-39). They fear Willys reaction as he still envisions Biff as the high school athlete, the hero destined for great things (Miller 44-45). As Biff attempts to face reality, allow his conscience to come full circle, his attempts are thwarted by Linda and Biff. What Miller leads up to in the drama is the tension between Biff and his father which revolves around an incident that destroyed Biff when he was only seventeen and was the underlying reason for calling Willy a fake. This conflict and tension exploded when Biff was turning a corner at age seventeen from an overdeveloped id to a fractional ego (Padel 270). Finding his father in a Boston hotel room with a woman cracked Biffs delicate sense of reality and from that moment he drifted, left home, left any prospects of college, or becoming a football star. Biffs budding ego deflated at the sight of his fathers promiscuity, betrayal of Linda, from which he ran for over seventeen years (Brenner 400). Miller leaves his audience to determine if Biff returned home because as he himself admits Im no good and further announces his thievery, time in jail for this crime, and wishes finally to face reality, by begging Willy to let me go (Miller 99). The next level in Freuds psychological profile is the superego. According to Brenner this superego is a functionally separable structure (Brenner 397). The superego rules standards for good behaviour (Cherry 3). Because the superego holds all of our internalized moral standards and ideals and is the last component of Freuds behavioural model to develop, Biffs return to confront Willy after seventeen years away demonstrate perhaps that he finally recognized the path toward personal redemption (Cherry 4; Brenner 400). While Biff struggles with this newly discovered sense of right or moral behaviour, his father and brother debase him for facing this challenge (Miller 98-100). Linda too refuses to allow anyone, even her beloved Biff, to present this reality challenge to Willy. Rather than accept that Biff is struggling to find a moral compass, Linda turns away from her son, demanding he leave and never return (Miller 91-92). Throughout the drama, Linda and Happy and Willys friend Charley, brush away the fact that Willy failed all his life. His dreams were unattainable, as Charley says at the graveside Willy was a salesman and that a salesmans got to dream, boy. It comes with the territory (Miller 104). In those salesmans dreams Willys superego never had a chance. His dreams came in the form of his dead brother Ben who left home poor and three years later was a rich man, he had discovered diamonds in Africa. Though dead, Bens image appears to Willy during the drama, he insists that Willy should join him. Come on kid, he beckons, its a good life but not until the final scene on the cement stoop when Willy is fruitlessly planting seeds, does he listen to what his brothers image is telling him (Miller 101). This becomes Willys direction, and the tension created by his overdeveloped id which needs instant gratification, oversteps the boundaries of reality, or the ego as Willy begins to contemplate his final act (Brenner, 402; Cherry 3; Miller 100-101). Willys suicide, the Death of a Salesman, exhibits the pathos of a confused and yet loveable character. He leaves behind a wife, alone and free of debt, and who says today I made the last payment on the house, were free, were free, and therell be nobody home (Miller 104). Charley emphasizes to Biff at the graveside, that no one dast blame the man (Miller 103). Willy had his dreams, but the final analysis draws itself from Willys intent, his separation of id, ego, and superego. It becomes obvious from the plays very beginning that Willys senses of right and wrong had no real boundaries or balance. Freud made clear that he believed individuals acquire their sense of right and wrong from both parents and society (Freud, Ego 15). In the analysis of the conscious or the ego Freud maintains that even in sleep or dreams, the conscious the ego develops repressions including those which control our sense of right and wrong (Freud, Ego 17). The nature, origins, and timing of conflict and compromise formation in mental development occur at various stages of life, beginning at birth with the id, and according to Freud, the other levels of our behaviour come during an individuals earliest years. It is only the id which announces itself immediately. A baby automatically reaches for its mother for food, while parents, according to Freud, prepare the foundation of right and wrong, the ego and superego (Cherry 3-4). In Willy Lomans case, his father deserted the family when he was a young boy, his mother died and apparently Willy had little contact with her. Therefore according to Freuds theor ies, Willys senses developed by supplementing in his own mind qualities of likeability, the smile brought rewards and success. Willy brought his own boys up to believe as a gospel truth. This gospel according to Willy became a destabilizer for both Happy and Biff, however, in different ways. At the graveside, Biff acknowledges that his fathers dreams were all wrong but he, Biff, finally knows who he is. But Happy in an angry reaction to his brothers honesty rejects this reality and claims Im gonna show you and everybody else that Willy Loman did not die in vain. He had a good dream its the only dream you can have to come out number one man. He fought it here and this is where Im gonna win it for him (Miller 104). Freuds analysis of the delicate balance between the three components of the human psyche, the id, ego, and superego regenerate in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman to be studied, analyzed, and argued over and will continue to be interrogated through the brilliance of this stunningly crafted American drama. Works Cited Brenner, Charles. Conflict, Compromise Formation, and Structural Theory. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 2002. 10. pp. 397-416. Web. Accessed June 5 2018. Cherry, Kendra. The Id, Ego and Superego. The Structural Model of Personality. 2018. Web. Accessed 5 June 2018. Freud, Sigmund. Childhood and Concealing Memories. Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Trans. by A. A. Brill. 1901. Web. Accessed 4 June 2018. Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id. Trans by Joan Riviere. Hogarth Press: London, 1927. Web. Accessed 4 June 2018. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. 1949. Web. Accessed 5 June 2018. Padel, John Hunter. Freudianism: Later Developments, in Richard Gregory ed., The Oxford Companion to the Mind. Oxford, 1987. pp. 270-1. Web. Accessed 4 June 2018. Sandage, Scott A. Born Losers: A History of Failure in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005. Print. St. Clair, Michael. Object Relations and Self Psychology: An Introduction. 2000. Brooks/Cole Counseling, an imprint of Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning. Print.