The significant works of E.E. Cummings Research Paper

The significant works of E.E. Cummings - Research Paper Example His personal story reflected in poems such as number 34 about his father and All in green went my love riding, which relates his relationship to the female sex. He is best remembered, however, for his avant-guarde use of language Near the end of his life, Cummings wrote little i, a poem that looked back to his childhood and in a few short lines expressed the memory of a child from the point of view of his childhood home. He wrote â€Å"who are you little i/(five or six years old)/peering from some high/window; at the gold/of November sunset† (Reef, 1). Cummings began his relationship with poetry at a young age. His mother wrote poetry and encouraged her son to jot down his ideas and thoughts and put them into poetic form. Cummings once said â€Å"I did not decide to become a poet- I was always writing poetry† (Reef 5). Poetry was a part of his life from such a young age that he never knew a time when he was not writing and his prolific list of work reveals the depth to which the art form allowed for his expression Cummings, who is known for using lower case letters in spite of grammatical correctness, is also known for his overt sentimentality. His poem number 34 from his 50 Poems expresses his love for his father who had died in a car accident in 1926. The first stanza, ‘my father moved through dooms of love/through sames of am through haves of give,/singing each morning out of each night/my father moved through depths of height† (Bloom 10). This work, however sentimental, does reveal the differences between himself and his father. His father is characterized as open and loving, an attachment to the divine love that was lacking in the emotional sphere of Cummings who was more comfortable in isolation, his experience in life leaving him with the difficulty of love and the realities of death. He writes in the work â€Å"though dull were all we taste as bright/ bitter all utterly things sweet,/maggoty minus and dumb death/all we inherit . All bequeath/† as a discussion of the inevitability of death making all that is sweet in life have a bit of bitterness as it will pass into the oblivion of death. In his poem All in Green Went My Love Riding, the predatory nature of the female can be observed through the construction of the phrasing, coupled with the last line that suggests that more than once he had fallen to the hunt of a woman. Cora Robey states that â€Å"Cummings borrows from the Classic and Medieval past and evokes the method of the Pre-Raphaelite poets in exploring his theme: the lover’s vision of feminine cruelty† (Robey 23). Cummings uses imagery such as â€Å"the famished arrows† in order to continue the underlying theme of the cruelty of the exercise. The hunt is wrapped in beautiful concepts such as â€Å"the great horse of gold/into the silver dawn† which envelops the hunt in visual beauty, the emotional content rife with the fear of the consummation of that hunt - th at the speaker will fall to the wiles, his desire to do so as much apparent as his realization that he will ‘die’ from the experience (Lehman 393). In experimenting with language, Cummings used simple language and turned the sentence structure, juxtaposing the combinations in order to create interesting and unexpected relationships between them (Kidder and Oppenheim 79). In his poem, may i feel said he, Cummings explores a sexual interlude using very simple language the grinds like wheel over and over, the syntax

Compare and contrast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Compare and contrast - Research Paper Example Consequently, the two stories may present a conflict that exists between two parties but also express some differences in the cause, plot, setting, and resolution of the existing conflict. Plot and Themes In the story, ‘punishment’, the theme that is brought out in terms of multifaceted human interrelations and behaviors is the theme of women oppression. The author aims at enlightening the position of women in the society in relation to social issues and the sacrifices they have to take to put the point to the society. The two women puts it clearly in the storyline that they are against their husbands commands on their life. The storyline seeks to open the women’s eyes to freedom from oppressive men regardless of the price whereby Chandara is determined to die rather than marrying a man the she knew would have authority of her life. Furthermore, the two women, Radha and Chandara, have a fierce relationships and the author indicates that the two spent most of their time fighting despite their close family relationship ties. Surprisingly, Dukhiram kills his wife Radha after a quarrel but the information given to the authorities is very different whereby the brother to Dukhiram inflicts his wife Chandara as the suspect in favor of his bother. This instance further reveal the complex relation s that the two men and their women. The story ends with Chandara being found guilty of an offence not committed but could not defend herself against her husband because of the oppressive powers men had over their women in India. However, the story â€Å"The conscience of the court,† brings out the theme of loyalty and devotion, but at the same time brings out the theme of, human relationship, oppressive human behavior, and desire of men to mistreat women in the society. This is different from ‘punishment’ because the black domestic worker was loyal to her master in contrast to the case whereby the two wives did not show loyalty to their husbands. Lee, the domestic worker stands out of her limit to protect her master’s, Miss Clairborne, property despite having a loan to the white man. â€Å"I am an unlearnt woman and common-clad†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hurston 102) indicate that Lee had few opportunities to pay the loan. However, Beasley the owed white man by Lee was determined to oppress Lee further by confiscating her employee property that would have rendered her jobless. Lee makes a sacrifice that no other woman would do to protect the property by confronting the man out of the loyalty she has for her master and she states, â€Å"I love her so hard, and I can’t help myself† â€Å"(Dabritz 112). Setting Both the stories are set on a close human relationship background whereby the story by Hurston involves a domestic worker and her master and that of Tagore entails a family. The story â€Å"punishment† is set in in an Indian village to depict the Indian culture. Indian women have less power in the society whereby men have a history of oppressing them because of their culture. The story is set on family background to put out the theme of women oppression by the culture and the injustices that Indian women face in courts despite being innocent. The context reveals the approaches that the society should take to incorporate western practices and principles without dissolving the Indian cultur

Black Hawk Down: Narrative Theory Analysis

Black Hawk Down: Narrative Theory Analysis In 1993, over one hundred US soldiers were dropped into the urban heart of Mogadishu, Somalia. The purpose was to perform an operation to capture a violent warlord by the name of Mohamed Farrah Aidid and his closest members. The purpose of the operation was to quell the ongoing civil war. The war was taking a devastating toll on the civilian population as supply and food shipments from Red Cross agencies were hoarded. Starvation was the warlords main weapon. It was decided by the US that intervention was the only way to prevent the continuation of the atrocities. Unfortunately, the US soldiers were not prepared to face the tactical nightmare Mogadishu would become when two of their helicopters were shot down during the operation. All the stories of the soldiers involved were later recorded and written in a book by Mark Bowden, entitled Black Hawk Down. It was this book that a screenplay and eventually a feature film would be based on in the 2001 adaptation Black Hawk Down, directed b y Ridley Scott. If anyone had previously seen a Ridley Scott film, they would know that he is meticulous in creating detail and realism. Black Hawk Down does nothing less than emanate this style of directing. He has helped push a new wave in directing style, where realism in situations and characters account for as much of the movie as the plot. These both apply to narrative and genre theories. The new elements that have been inserted into the creation of the war movie genre and narrative have added new depth and meaning to what we see and understand about the people who fight our wars. The image of the US soldier has been elevated to almost mythic proportions, partly due to ad campaigns, but also to the portrayal of war and the realism that moves us closer to the fighting than we can ever imagine. The beauty is that the answers are explained by philosophical geniuses who have all contributed theories to understanding why we think in certain ways and experience certain pleasures. Ev erything we interpret is relative to our own experiences. The purpose of this essay is to analyze Black Hawk Down using the various narrative theories of these intellectuals. Some provide thoughts on the narration of the story such as Propp, Todorov, Barthes and Levi Strauss, while others look at the genres and their various approaches to creation and production; finally, semiotic analysis allows us to know how we interpret the images we see (both syntagmatically and paradigmatically). Narrative theory applies to the structure of the production, whether it is in film, television, literature or radio. Analysts of narrative theory usually grasp the basic structure of the particular genre before viewing the production based on formulaic series of events associated with that genre. These series of events that have an appearance of repetition, according to Valdimir Propp, are called narratemes. According to Propp, depending on the medium/genre, the events can be predetermined by using his 32 narrative functions and 8 spheres of action. The medium does not have to include all 32 of his functions, but the ones they do contain will always happen in a specific order. Another theorist by the name of Todorov came along and simplified what Propp had been writing about. He generalized narratives to follow the path of equilibrium-disequilibrium-equilibrium. This is where Black Hawk Down takes a turn to the unique side. Because of the nature of the conflict, equilibrium never tru ly existed from the beginning. There may have been equilibrium in the US troops position, but the overall conflict presides over any minuscule balance. The movie begins panning over malnourished Somalis affected by the starvation campaign of Farrah Aidid while text scrolls across the screen explaining the situation. The first glimpse of US troops occurs here when the viewer watches them fly overhead in an SH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. The troops begin to watch a Red Cross shipment of food and supplies getting hoarded by the warlord Aidids men. The disequilibrium we had set in the beginning of the movie gets thrown to another level when civilians are shot attempting to take some food. This is where the movie continues to present its uniqueness. As the movie progresses, nothing goes as planned during the operation to capture the warlord. In the process of putting troops on the ground, two helicopters are shot out of the sky by Somali guerillas, further pushing the stability of the movi e. This is why Todorov generalized about the narrative theory: not everything follows a standard, and the ones that dont stand out, good or bad. In this case, the movie created a cinematic experience like most great war movies: immersive, intense and filled with feminine and masculine narratives (discussed later on). The movie eventually reached as much equilibrium as allotted due to the situation. In the end, 17 soldiers had been killed for an operation that was meant to be more than a grab-and-go. But one key aspect to Todorovs theory is that the ending is ideologically significant. How it achieves this closure reveals how narratives function to maintain/challenge established power relations in society. Quite close to how the movie began, it ended, but this time with closure and equilibrium. The music and setting were serene with a feeling of despair, fitting the mood of both dying and/or dead civilians/soldiers because of the conflict in Mogadishu. To the soldiers at the end of t he movie, it no longer became a fight for their own lives, but that for their fellow soldiers. A bond throughout the movie was created between them, and although some were lost to the fighting, the bond never disappeared. This is visible at the end of the movie when Josh Harnetts character Eversmann spoke to a fallen soldier about returning home and talking to his parents about who he was, what he did, and why they should be proud of him. It was an underhanded way of making us look at relationships the soldiers built instead of letting us take a step back and ask why they were there in the first place. What makes this so ideologically significant? It is in the beginning of the movie when disequilibrium was first established: there were soldiers that were aware of this situation and asked what the purpose of the occupation was. This is why the ending of the movie is ideologically significant to established power relations, those between soldiers and their commanders, and how it came to a sincere closure to make everything seem justified. The idea that there are characters within a scripted movie that are given these lines reflects the observational talent the screenplay writers and directors have. It makes a bold statement to society that we are aware. Along with Propp and Todorov, another man by the name of Roland Barthes came and attempted, successfully, to answer the question of the narrative theory. In Roland Barthes theory, he used five codes in order to form a network of meaning. This network, in turn, provides a framework for analyzing texts or in our case, a war movie. The codes are as following: action, enigma, semic, symbolic and cultural. Lets begin with the idea of a cultural code. The cultural code is constituted by the points at which the text refers to common bodies of knowledge through a social construct. This makes the viewer have to have prior knowledge in order to understand the reference. These references are easily-identified traditions that could be scholarly, historical, mythological or stereotypical. In this case, the reference, and respectively the entire movie, was based on a time period in 1993 when the US attempted to quell a civil war. So between the traditions of history, scholar, myth, and stereotyping, history plays a large role. Black Hawk Down was created almost 10 years after the event. This gave the public enough time to move past the events, but also after only 10 years, it could still be on the minds of people who were old enough to comprehend and understand the conflict. To continue with Barthes codes, symbolic would be the next easiest to interpret. It exists to explicate the complexities of an element in the text. One of the most important entrance points into the symbolic is the antithetical because concepts suggest their opposites, which is argued by Levi-Strauss in the binary opposites theory. But the symbolic code does not merely break the code into binaries; instead it eradicates the boundary between opposites creating a disturbance in classification. (Coward) There are many elements to this movie that can be seen as symbolic. As stated earlier, the image of a US soldier means so much more that what can be seen on the surface. This movie attempts, and in reality, accomplishes, the symbolic image of a soldier. The image gets elevated to another level, the level of being mythic. To quote Eric Bana who plays Hoot, Whe n I get home peoplell ask me, Hey Hoot, why do ya do it man? Why? Just some war junkie? Ya know what Ill say? I wont say a goddamn word. Why? They wont understand. They wont understand why we do it. They wont understand that its about the men next to you, and thats it. This is what embodies the American soldier today. It is about defending the country, yes, but more so about keeping the man next to you alive so he can go back home someday. Another symbolic image, which is the basis for the movie, is the downing of not one, but two of our helicopters. We have two massive machines facilitating the most advanced technology available that get shot down by a bunch of ill-trained guerillas from a country torn by war. More so than just that, after the second helicopter was overrun by guerillas and civilians, the military machine became nothing more than a toy with young kids jumping on the rotors. The image of this alone creates more than a feeling of defeat because it was scaled down from being a symbol of Americas productive might to nothing. Two more codes written by Barthes include the semic and action (also known as proairetic). These codes are easily interlaced with other theories. Semic is closely related to semiotic analysis which focuses upon pieces of data in order to suggest abstract concepts. Semiotic analysis is on the conscious of the person viewing the object or product. We see or hear something and chose to recognize it as we have been taught. If we do not recognize it, we try to group it into a category in which we do understand. Semiotics will always be an interesting concept to study because of its conscious and subconscious nature. We recognize that the movie is based on real events, with that being the sign, but the individual stories paint the signified. On the other end, to look at syntagmatic codes, all you have to do is look at the narrative because it refers to how the product uses/used a series of images to create meaning in the viewers mind. The proairetic code is closely related to the texts nar rative structure. The basis of the proairetic is the dependency of syntagmatic codes along with the narrative theory (already discussed) as to understand the meaning of the images. The final code in Barthes theory is enigma, or hermeneutic. Elements of the text that contribute to these codes are the devices used to define and then reveal or solve a mystery. What keeps us intrigued is the process in which they solve the mystery presented in the beginning of the episode, hence the hermeneutic code. Ricoeur distinguishes between two forms of hermeneutics: a hermeneutics of faith which aims to restore meaning to a text and a hermeneutics of suspicion which attempts to decode meanings that are disguised. (Josselson) Finally, another contributor to the criticism and theory of the narration in stories was Levi-Strauss. He believed in the theory of binary oppositions, underscoring the concept of differences. From birth, we learn differences rather than relations. Males distinguish themselves by images and understanding that they are not like their mothers, rather than the fact they are like their fathers. Barthes has a sound theory in the case of narratives, but it can also be tied into Todorovs. Although through Barthes we look at the minuscule vs. the big picture, little equilibriums can be found through binary oppositions. The idea is that binary opposition is an inherent, structurally based concept on the Western tendency to group into hierarchy. This is a conception derived from Ferdinand de Saussure, a Swiss linguist whose ideas laid the foundation for many of the significant developments in linguistics in the 20th century. His work in structuralism is a tangible point of departure that moves us into the post-structural criticism that is deconstruction. Throughout the movie there are little battles between these binary oppositions that create balance to the characters and plot, and therefore, the narrative. It is in this way that characters create conflict and story. Because of the nature of military action, you will always have a mix of young and old, those who are eager to get into a fight and those wish to make it back. There is a sense of wisdom in the older characters where little things make a difference. One great example would be after the convoy, coming back from Mogadishu, refuels and rearms to get back to the fight. The leader Struecker says very little to a young man who has lost the will to continue because he has seen death around him. Its what you do now that makes a difference. That is the kind of wisdom expected from leaders. They push a person to think hard about how they want to be remembered. In this case, the young man Thomas, heroically grabs his g ear and jumps into one of the last Humvees to return to the fight. It is here where the little battles are won. Another great example of the binary opposite would be the difference between America and Somalia. In the movie, you have a highly trained force of soldiers who become quickly outnumbered by ill-trained guerillas. Looking beyond that, the conflict can be portrayed as a Third World country versus an international superpower. Along with the theories, there is 1 more key point that needs to be made on narrative theories. Narrative structures are experienced differently from person to person, but there are two groups where the content allows us to make generalizations (while there still may be some anomalies): male and female genders. Producers of the content that is viewed, read, or listened to by these two distinct audiences must appreciate the differences between the genders. The feminine narrative appeals to women because it involves relationships and complex issues with characters while masculine narratives appeal to men based on action and multiple climax points. Black Hawk Down cannot be labeled as a chick flick, but it is feminine narrative. This can be determined by the relationships and complex emotions displayed between the soldiers to each other. The movie has many climactic moments, but it also reaches out to the audience to be understanding of the position the men have been put in to. It is ho w they interact that will determine their fate giving an aura of brotherhood. But, in recent years complications have arisen as how to define shows or movies. Movies can no longer be just feminine or masculine or else the audience will not be pulled in. This can be attributed to the change in social behavior and norms. We are becoming progressively equal in the male/female world. Falling back to the 1950s at the height of streamlined sexism, creating a movie appealing to one sex or the other would have been appropriate. But today as audiences tend to be more socially adept, directors and writers must look to create not just a movie, but a complex experience. This is why narratives are beginning to have very complex, multi-episodic stories that are not only using both gender narratives, but also the blending of genres. Black Hawk Down was a blending of fact and fiction into an action/war drama. The US/UN mission in Somalia had originally been to assist in the distribution of food and supplies to thousands of starving Somalis. Farrah Aidid was the warlord who used this aid to consolidate his power base. It was this reason that led the US to create the operation. But instead of a one-hour operation, the US soldiers walked into the middle of a Somali civil war. This movie had not only the cooperation of the US military, but also the use of weapon systems and soldiers, some of whom were involved in Somalia. The movie is unique, and historical. It demonstrates the heroism that continues to this day, of those Americans who volunteer to serve their country, and to be willing to sacrifice their lives for people in countries not their ownà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The movie highlights the officers and NCOs who fought their way out of hell, some who returned a second time to ensure that no one was left behind. This cost them dearly. Their families and brothers in arms today keep their memories alive by honoring them with decorations ranging from the Medal of Honor to the Purple Heart. I was privileged to know and serve beside some of them. While this movie was being filmed, cast members and crew were asked to do their best in portraying the real heroes, keeping cliches at a minimum, and honor the memory of those lost. While there are composites of participants, there are also real people who carry on the traditions of the services today, from Col. McKnight to W/O Durant and others. Though a Blackhawk went down, the Rangers today still Lead The Way. -Jim Banzai McClain. If it were not for philosophers who have contributed theories to understanding why we think in certain ways and experience certain pleasures, nothing could be logically explained. Everything we interpret is relative to our own experiences. Propp, Todorov, Barthes and Levi Strauss, all made narrative theory the driving factor in crit ical analysis of modern media. Bruner, Jerome. Acts of meaning; 1990, Cambridge, Massachussets : Harvard University Press. Freeman, M. Why narrative? Hermeneutics, historical understanding, and the significance of stories; Journal of Narrative and Life History; 1997 Vol. 7, p169-176, 8p. Grà ¼nbaum, Thor. Action between Plot and Discourse. Semiotica 165.1-4 (2007): 295-314. Hà ¤nninen, Vilma. A Model of Narrative Circulation. Narrative Inquiry 14.1 (2004): 69-85. Human Communication as Narration: Toward a Philosophy of Reason, Value, and Action; Fisher, Walter R.; 1987, Columbia : U of South Carolina. Josselson, Ruthellen. The Hermeneutics of Faith and the Hermeneutics of Suspicion. Narrative Inquiry 14.1 (2004): 1-28. Redick, Kip, and Lori Underwood. Rationality and Narrative: A Relationship of Priority. Philosophy Rhetoric 40.4 (2007): 394-405. S/Z By: Coward, Rosalind; pp. 176-81 IN: Newton, K. M. (ed.); Twentieth-Century Literary Theory: A Reader. New York, NY: St. Martins; 1997. xix, 306 pp. The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Minds Hidden Complexities; Fauconnier, Gilles; Turner, Mark; 2002, New York. Wyatt, Neal. Exploring Nonfiction. Library Journal 132.3 (2007): 32.

Pollution Essay examples -- Environment

Pollution Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment. It is a major problem in America and as well as the world. Pollution not only damages the environment, but damages us also. It has cause many problems ranging from lung cancer to the greenhouse effect. It is all among us but we continue to live in our own filth. What is the reason behind this flawed logic? In this paper I will examine the problems and solutions for this issue. Automobiles are undeniable the greatest source of pollution. The noise pollution created by cars is immense. Another polluting effect of cars is the heat it creates. This heat makes it unpleasant to be near the car while its running. And of course the most famous of the automobiles evils is the exhaust. The toxic fumes given off as a byproduct of the combustion engine are slowly deteriorating our lungs and our atmosphere. The exhaust is extremely toxic to human beings. But why do we do continue to drive these walking time bombs. Some people will say it is progress, but the majority drives it for the convenien...

History of insurance in Argentina Essay

In 1984, about 200 insurance companies were in operation in Argentina. Although various legal restrictions have been placed on foreign insurance companies, many retain offices. The Superintendent of Insurance of the nation regulates the insurance market, which is a branch of the Ministry of Economy. The Argentine insurance market is characterized by a relatively large number of insurers with no single organization dominating the industry. From 1994 to 1997, there was a reduction in the number of insurers as some closed operations or were liquidated. Observers believe that there will be further reductions in the number of insurance companies as consolidation of the industry and the quest for economies of scale and critical mass continues. In Argentina, insurance companies are not allowed to raise their prices without notifying their customers and explain why the raise in prices took place, nor are they allowed to renew policies without prior notification of the changes in the policy. If an insurance company does not comply with this regulation, one can take legal action against them by contacting the National Supervisory of Insurances (Advameg Inc, 2007). This paper will address the significant development of the Argentine life market of insurance, especially under the stable current conditions. Insurance Landscape in Argentina Types of insurances Apart from the obligatory social insurance, there are also a number of possibilities for obtaining private insurance to cover other eventualities. The most common insurances include: Life Insurance The need for a life insurance depends on age, and dependents. Life insurance foresees in a payment to the beneficiaries of the deceased one. This payment can take place at once, or as a partial interest bearing payment. The names of the beneficiaries are stated in the insurance policy. Insurance companies calculate the costs of your policy based on three factors. The first one is the mortality table that classifies people into groups and their rate of mortality. The higher the risk of the mortality group you belong to, the higher your cost of policy. Next is the interest rate. Insurance companies invest their money in stocks, bonds etc. The higher the interest rate of the investments, the lower the cost of the insurance. Last factor of influence on the price are the operating costs of the insurance company. Life insurance are classified according to duration where distinction is made between temporary (term) insurance and life-long insurance. Temporary insurance only covers the insured person for a time-span specified in the policy. Life long insurance provides covers until death. Secondly is premium which bring in a distinction between Fixed Premiums and Risk Premiums. Fixed premiums mean that the same amount of premium is paid during the insurance. Risk premiums rise in premium as the age of the insured person goes up. Thirdly is the persons being covered by the insurance. Lastly is the flexibility of payment of premiums where a distinction is made between traditional life insurances and savings life insurance. The traditional insurance demands that premiums are paid at set dates. With savings insurances the date and amount of premium payment are more flexible. Take into account that price is not the only criteria when choosing a company. The reputation and service the insurance company offers should also be considered importantly. Furthermore, the company should be registered so that assistance can be given in disputes between the insurance company and clients. When buying a life insurance, one ought to answer all questions on the policy form correctly which mainly refer to health issues before signing and submitting the forms.   This is mainly because if later it turns out any questions where not answered truthfully, the insurance company can decide not to pay.   Further important points when buying a life insurance include the start and end of the policy, the benefits that might be paid out and those that can become less after a certain age is reached, Clauses regarding age and payments, and the time the company takes to start the running time of the insurance. Car Insurance By law it is mandatory to have car insurance in Argentina. Car insurance in Argentina covers the driver and/or insured person and third parties from damages suffered from fire, theft and accidents. Premiums paid are calculated based on the brand and model of car, usage of the car , geographic location, marital status, sex and age. The peson buying the cover must keep in mind the start and end of coverage, how old a car is, and the value of the parts to be insured   especially if they are to be insured independently. Household Insurance The household insurance in Argentina covers the material as individuals in your household. Examples of what is covered by household insurance are damages due to fire, theft and burglary, water damages, civil responsibility, personal accidents, accidents of domestic employees. Wear and tear of property, damages due to war or natural disasters such as earthquakes and tornados is not covered. Choosing insurance Make sure before deciding with which company to buy an insurance, you know what the financial situation of the company is. Besides the price of the policy the service and reputation of the company should also be important factors to consider when deciding. If to buy directly with an insurance company or through an agent is also another factor. The Argentina Insurance Report provides independent forecasts and competitive intelligence on Argentines insurance industry. It includes BMI’s Insurance Business Environment Rating (IBER), which brings together a number of pieces of relevant quantitative data, together with BMI’s Country Risk Rating (CRR). It is now much easier to consider the business environment for the insurance sector in any one country relative to the business environment for other industries in that country that are surveyed by BMI, and the business environment for the insurance sector in other countries. Argentina’s IBER is a moderately attractive insurance market for foreign insurers. Within the region, the Bahamas has the highest IBER ranking, with a very high score in the risks to realization of potential returns. The competitive landscape, in both the non-life and the life segment, is fragmented. Both segments are open to participation by foreign groups. It is likely that the landscape will change dramatically in the next few years, possibly after considerable consolidation. This means that there is opportunity for cross-border operations that currently have a relatively small presence to become major players in the market. We do not however, expect any completely new market entrants. Although there a strong growth forecasts for Argentina, these are not at the moment translating into high growth rates for the insurance market. (BMI, 2008). The competitive landscape, in both the non-life and the life segment, is fragmented. Both segments are open to participation by foreign groups. It is likely that the landscape will change dramatically in the next few years, possibly after considerable consolidation. This means that there is opportunity for cross-border operations that currently have a relatively small presence to become major players in the market. ` However, completely new market entrants are expected. Economic and political reform if reinvigorated provides positive flow-on effects for the insurance market. Increased transparency has been campaigned on as an issue. However, it remains to be seen if it will be implemented. Although there is a strong growth in Argentina, this is not at the moment translating into high growth rates for the insurance market. (Braga, 1996). SWOT Analysis for Insurance in Argentina (Strength Weakness Opportunity Threats) SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective.The aim of any SWOT analysis is to identify the key internal and external factors that are important to achieving the objective. Internal factors are the strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization. External factors are the opportunities and threats presented by the external environment.The internal factors may be viewed as strengths or weaknesses depending upon their impact on the organizations objectives. What may represent strengths with respect to one objective may be weaknesses for another objective. The factors may include all key fields; as well as personnel, finance, manufacturing capabilities, and so on. The external factors may include macroeconomic matters, technological change, legislation, and socio-cultural changes, as well as changes in the marketplace or competitive position. The results are often presented in the form of a matrix. The aim of the insurance company ought to be maxinizing the strengths and opportunities and minimizing the weaknesses and threats. (Business help, 2008) Opportunities and threats Opportunities SWOT Analysis influences the Opportunities for the insurance businesses and these can be seen as targets to achieve and exploit in the future for example: Being in a good financial position creates a good reputation for future growth, Skilled and experienced workforce means that they can be moved and trained into other areas and locations of the business, competitor going bankrupt therefore creating a takeover opportunity, availability of broadband technology plus the installed in the area which is useful for Internet use, Increased spending power in the Local/National economy, and moving the insurance services into a new market sector . (Business help, 2008) Threats The final part of the analysis will also be seen as the most feared: the Threats. It has to be done and therefore taking into account the weaknesses, the threats seem too clear. For examples: Large and increasing competition from other insurance companies, Rising cost of Wages, Possible relocation costs, Local authority refusing plans for future building expansion, Increasing interest rates by lenders therefore increases borrowing repayments, and lastly existing covers becoming unfashionable or unpopular. (Business help, 2008) Opportunities for a US Insurance companies. As consolidation of the insurance industries and the quest for economies of scale and critical mass continues companies can still find their ways to certain regions as long as they meet the requirements and laws. (Wray, 2008). Need to Resort to International Law Accordingly, a body of international law, not dependent on the law or interpretation of any one country, has developed as the standard for expropriation claims against a host government. In turn, most political risk insurance policies over the years have required that for there to be an expropriation, the government’s actions must be in violation of this standard of international law. Application of the traditional standard to regulatory takings has proven to be difficult. Because of the â€Å"public purpose† test, normal regulations or change of law is not a wrongful action under international law and therefore is not an insurable event under political risk insurance expropriation Coverage. On the other hand, it is easy to imagine a host government attempting to cloak a wrongful expropriation with the appearance of legitimate regulatory action. (Wray, 2008). The credit derivative market: During the past ten years, credit derivatives have become a basic tool for risk management in the banking sector for both corporate credit and country risk management. Since the mid-1990s, banks have increasingly used credit protection to diversify and reduce corporate and emerging market exposure inherent in their lending activities. Insurance companies have also participated (mostly in the non-emerging market arena) both as providers of protection (to capture higher returns and better spreads), and as buyers of protection (to manage their exposure and diversify their portfolios). Insurance companies buy insurance to transfer resources from good times to bad times.  They do this by pooling risks, e.g., motor vehicle insurance. If population is large and individual risks are independent then aggregate loss is predictable. This enables simple strategies for setting premiums as a mark-up over the expected aggregate loss. Practical considerations  include availability of data for insurance companies, which enables them to estimate the distribution of aggregate losses from their pool of risk. Low enough transactions costs (collecting data, writing policies, settling claims) are what are considered as policies, which make risks attractive. Catastrophe risks, e.g., floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes together with weather risks temperature and rainfall fluctuations are not attractive to many insurance companies. The Catastrophe risks are low-frequency high-severity risks unlike motor vehicle risks, which are high-frequency low-severity risks. Low frequency has probabilities of occurrence and damages are not precisely computed. There is need for a lot more data than when it is high frequency, Variance of loss is high, Premium setting is difficult, and Capital requirements to ensure solvency are large. Markets for Catastrophe Risk A large proportion is not insured or under-insured. Premiums can be high (as high as seven times the expected losses the actuarially fair level). Premiums can change drastically with an event suggesting that probabilities of extreme events is not well established and therefore revised with any new information.   Markets for catastrophe risk do not work very well. Conclusion Recent developments. Congressional legislation now allows insurance carriers and other financial institutions, such as banks and securities firms, to sell one another’s products. More insurance carriers now sell financial products such as securities, mutual funds, and various retirement plans. This approach is most common in life insurance companies that already sold annuities, but property and casualty companies also are increasingly selling a wider range of financial products. In order to expand into one another’s markets, insurance carriers, banks, and securities firms have engaged in numerous mergers, allowing the merging companies access to each other’s client base and geographical markets therefore Argentines can be covered by US insurance companies. This way many insurance companies are able to insure unattractive risks. Insurance carriers have discovered that the Internet can be a powerful tool for reaching potential and existing customers. Most carriers use the Internet simply to post company information, such as sales brochures and product information, financial statements, and a list of local agents. However, an increasing number of carriers are starting to expand their Web sites to enable customers to access online account and billing information, and some carriers even allow claims to be submitted online. Many carriers also provide insurance quotes online based on the information submitted by customers on their Internet sites. In fact, some carriers will allow customers to purchase policies through the Internet without ever speaking to a live agent. In addition to individual carrier-sponsored Internet sites, several â€Å"lead-generating† sites have emerged. These sites allow potential customers to input information about their insurance policy needs. For a fee, the sites forward customer information to a number of insurance companies, which review the information and, if they decide to take on the policy, contact the customer with an offer. This practice gives consumers the freedom to accept the best rate. If this does not make the insurance landscape manageable then it is on the collapse. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008). Work cited: Business Monitor International, (n.d.). Argentina insurance report. Accessed 16thMay 2008 from: http://www.businessmonitor.com/insurance/argentina.html Business Monitoring International (BMI), (2008, March). Argentina insurance report, pages: 31. Accessed 16thMay 2008 from: http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/c89667 Michael Braga, Tempa Bay business Journal, (1996, 21st June). Bankers insurance group on EEC Argentina. Accessed 16thMay 2008 from: http://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/stories/1996/06/24/newscolumn1.html Business help, (2008). SWOT Analysis-Opportunities and threats Analysis. Accessed 16thMay 2008 from: http://www.bizhelp24.com/marketing/swot-analysis—opportunities-and-threats.html Robert Wray. (2008, April). Political risk Insurance Newsletter. Connecticut Avenue, nw suite 350, Washington dc, Volume 4, Issue 1 Advameg Inc, (2007). Argentina forum. Accessed 16thMay 2008 from: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Career Guide to Industries, 2008-09 Edition, Accessed 16thMay 2008 from: http://www.bls.gov/oco/cg/cgs028.htm

Networking and Communications

The concepts of networks and communication have come from computers and Internet and are not really very old. The advantages of these methods of communication are that messages can be sent sitting at the computer in houses or over a laptop, the communication reaches the intended receiver almost immediately and permits the receiver to also start acting on the communication immediately. There are always advantages in having physical value chains and this is what leads shops to develop warehouses and try to be merchandisers though they do not have the capacity to be so. On the other hand, the new methods of information create opportunities to simplify the value chain and thus develop businesses that have better sources of competitive advantage. An example of such stores is Amazon, which offers its potential customers a list of 2. 5 million books and this list is ten times the size of the nearest chain stores. The organization also does not have the books in its store, but have the books delivered to its customers through orders to two wholesalers in the industry after the customers have placed orders. The facility available with Amazon is only to repack the books and mail them. This makes sure that some difficulties come in and Amazon cannot offer books off the shelves, nor can their customers see the books on shelves. At the same time, their methods of selling provide them with lower costs and provide customers with superior information and lower costs. (Tapscott, 30) Some of the advantages are provided by the medium itself. Through the computer it is possible to send a message to a person without meeting him directly, or even knowing whether he is there or not. A shop can collect orders at the time when it is not open and save its employees time as the full list of items required will be sent by the customers themselves. (Lynda, 13) This particular already has a server and that means it already has and Internet connection and the computer is already able to accept messages through the Internet. His may be in the form of Intranets meant for use by the employees of the store, or in the form of a VPN. This is a Virtual Private Network which accommodates the needs of employees not located in the same office and is in the form of a private network using the public network, or Internet to get them together. There is no requirement to use a leased line, but there is usage of virtual connections operating through the Internet. (How Virtual Private Networks Work) The use of the second server is to be a back up for the first server and also to record orders from the customers. This does not involve many risks as the orders can be received on an e-mail connection and they are quite safe for the users. Further safety can be ensured through presently available. The size of e-mail connections are also large now, of the order of 1GB and can be made even larger. At the start of the working day, employees can be asked to unload orders received from the Internet to the computer of the store. The time has already been decided as being 11 am. All the orders can be placed in order and then prepared for execution. If the execution of orders are finished before the end of closing hours, then further orders, if any are available on the e-mail site, can be taken up for execution. This process is generally safe. The only difficulty comes from false orders, but that can be checked through a paying mechanism connected to the delivery part. When the order is delivered, the store will definitely collect payment, and this can be through a bank payment service, credit card or some other mechanism. When the order is sent to the store, an authorization should be sent by the buyer to the paying party also. This can be checked by the store, before delivery. If the material is to be collected from the store, then, the problems are less as the consumer will have to make payments directly. Purchases for a small store are difficult and often require expertise which the individual store may not possess. The solution that is often reached is to become a member of a buying group who will act as the buying organization for all stores, though the stores may be owned by different persons. Buying groups exist in practically all segments of the retail industry and some of the groups provide services in terms of product management and obtaining discounts for the stores through the process of summing up all quantities required and thus obtaining discounts for wholesale purchases. Even in the international scene, there are buying groups. Those organizations often have buying units distributed all over the world. (Varley, 36) In the long run, the exercise of computerization should not disturb this angle and the existing method of purchases can still be retained. The advantages will come from the fact that as soon as sales are made, or orders executed, a record can be updated for the item in question. The importance in this aspect is only for items in â€Å"A† category after an analysis of the items for sales through an ABC analysis. For those items, since they involve an importance in terms of customer satisfaction, or investment, it is essential that a close record be kept. It is also possible, like Amazon to collect some of the expensive items on a day to day basis. These are decisions for executive management to consider. If the access to the store by the purchasers is only through e-mail, then they have no chance of directly collecting the information from the store's computer, except through certain bugs that may be placed in the computer along with orders. This is a problem that comes even when the computer user visits certain sites, and can be wiped out through the use of anti-virus software and proper design of the computer system. The biggest point to remember is that most users now use Internet Explorer as their language for communication with Internet since they have the basic language as Windows. On the other hand, the store may use Mozilla Firefox for communicating with Internet. This will automatically knock out a lot of infections. Apart from this are for the computer to be working on a non-windows system and this can be done through some programming in Java. The details will have to be worked out with a computer expert. If the information of the company is stored on a different disk also, the chances of removal are much lower. This is not so difficult since the question of disks is only of virtual separation through programming. At the same time, it is also important to note that secrets about the organization also should not be available to internal users within the company unless they are permitted access. This can be controlled through requirement of passwords for entering those sections, but at the same time, the users will have to be careful about storage of the passwords. To an extent, the problem of exposure of passwords can be controlled through changes of passwords on a regular basis. The job of a network administrator involves many tasks and to an extent the tasks are also decided by the experience of the administrator in the job. The first step is to create its design, and this job has to be done by a senior network architect. Since this network has been operating for some time, one presumes that it has a network administrator who has been in charge of the system, and this person, if he is conversant enough with computers will be able to decide on its required expansion. The second set of responsibilities of the network administrator begins after the network is designed and this involves setting up and configuring the network. It is important to remember that due to the complications of the network this may take some time, and, in general the old system should be permitted to continue till the new system is tested and ready. Then the switchover can be done within a short period of a weekend or so. This will cause the least amount of disturbances to working. (Responsibilities of the Network Administrator) After all the store has to sell and earn money and computers are only assistance and cannot be permitted to come in the way of operations. The job now includes installing the physical aspects of the changes, configuring the files or databases, hosts, routers and network configuration servers. The third phase of network administration security involves regular tasks that have to be done – adding new host machines, direct administration, administration of network services and trouble shooting problems that are seen to arise. In this case, the problem seems to be one of adding new hosts and increasing services of the network for which more software is expected to be wanted. (Responsibilities of the Network Administrator) This is however and ongoing process and one success will lead to another and this will require changes not planned in the earlier phase. In this case, let us say that the plan of expansion succeeds in satisfying the customers, and adds profits for the organization, and then a second store may be required. For this sort of problems a principle of redundancy should be built into network designing. From the general, let us get into the specific and all organizations involved with computer software have their own recommendations for network service and Microsoft talks about it including Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP, Windows Internet Name Service or WINS and Domain Name System or DNS. These are all software and part of these may massage the egos of the owners of the system, but whether they are needed or not will have to be determined by those designing the system. Microsoft has made a system management function which provides guidance for the operation of the above named services and for maintenance of the hardware which will hold these programs. There is also a guide for getting required software for this purpose. (Service Management Functions: Network Administration) Considering the number of updates that come in for Windows, it does not seem to be very reliable software. There are also software designed for many different users and in these many users can work on the system at the same time and maintain files. An example of such a system is IRIX. The only problem is that this system permits the workstation to be connected to networks and permits transfer of files from one to the other. (Overview of System Administration) Does this system require this facility, or will it be a source of trouble? The point is that all systems have to be designed according to the requirements as deemed fit by the management and first the thought of the management have to be clarified. To conclude, computers are the latest tools for the egos of today, but, at the same time, one should not end up with a system having a lot of useless or dangerous facilities.

Easy Way To Make Rainbow Fire

Easy Way To Make Rainbow Fire Its easy to turn an ordinary flame into a rainbow-colored flame. This flame was produced by burning ordinary gel fuel, which is sold for decorative clay fire pots. You can find the pots at just about any home store (e.g., Target, Home Depot, Wal-mart, Lowes). The gel burns at a fairly cool temperature, slowly enough that a small cup maintains a flame for hours. All you need to do to duplicate this effect is sprinkle boric acid onto the gel. You can find boric acid as a roach killer or disinfectant powder. Only a pinch of boric acid is needed. Eventually, the gel fuel will be consumed, leaving the boric acid behind. You dont need to add more chemical to the pot to maintain the color, but if you ever want to return to an ordinary flame youll need to rinse the boric acid away with water before the next use. How the Rainbow Effect Works Boric acid doesnt actually burn in the flame. Instead, the heat of combustion ionizes the salt, producing a characteristic green emission. The alcohol of the gel fuel burns blue, edging toward yellow and orange where the flame is cooler. When you put the alcohol-based flame together with the boric acid emission spectrum you get most of the colors of the rainbow. Other Colors Boric acid isnt the only salt that colors flames. You could experiment with copper salts (blue to green), strontium (red) or potassium salts (violet). Its best to use a single salt because mixing them together more often produces a yellow flame than a multicolored flame. This is because the brightest emission comes from sodium, which burns yellow and is an extremely common contaminant of many household chemicals.

Free Essays on The Shifting Heart

The Shifting Heart ¡Ã‚ ¨ This play  ¡Ã‚ §The Shifting Heart ¡Ã‚ ¨ was set in 1950s, in a community where many people did not accept any migrants. The main, theme of this play shows Bianchi family moved to Australia from Italy and how the issues raised regarding to lifestyles in Australia. The racial discrimination was one of the major issues Bianchi family faced since they moved to Australia. For example, Mr. Wilson who works at the s ¡Ã‚ §hop, thinks it is amusing to call Mrs. Bianchi, Momma Macaroni. This sees it as discrimination and it is an insult and prejudice. And in Act 1, Momma does not see the other neighbours actions as humorous and retaliates by blocking the sewer with stinking fish. And also there are people who throw rubbish. People do this rather than speak to Momma. They have never spoken for eight years since Bianchi family came to Australia. This because neighbours are obviously jealous that the Bianchi own their home through their hard work, and still other neighbours have to pay for their rant. However, this play reveals that the attitudes in today ¡Ã‚ ¦s Australia towards migrants have changed significantly. They are more migrants in Australia compared to back in 1950s. Australia is a multicultural society, which is entirely populated by migration. In the past, people from all other continents migrated to Australia in response to economic opportunity and the need for labour or left in times of drought, depression and two world wars. After World War II, Australia was in need of skilled and labour population for development. At present, 150 different nationalities and 90 different languages are represented in the society. Those people who belong to Non-English speaking background, constitute a large portion of Australian population. Australia is multicultural nation. Australian government discourages any kind of discrimination in workplace, educational institutions and public places. There are anti-di... Free Essays on The Shifting Heart Free Essays on The Shifting Heart The Shifting Heart ¡Ã‚ ¨ This play  ¡Ã‚ §The Shifting Heart ¡Ã‚ ¨ was set in 1950s, in a community where many people did not accept any migrants. The main, theme of this play shows Bianchi family moved to Australia from Italy and how the issues raised regarding to lifestyles in Australia. The racial discrimination was one of the major issues Bianchi family faced since they moved to Australia. For example, Mr. Wilson who works at the s ¡Ã‚ §hop, thinks it is amusing to call Mrs. Bianchi, Momma Macaroni. This sees it as discrimination and it is an insult and prejudice. And in Act 1, Momma does not see the other neighbours actions as humorous and retaliates by blocking the sewer with stinking fish. And also there are people who throw rubbish. People do this rather than speak to Momma. They have never spoken for eight years since Bianchi family came to Australia. This because neighbours are obviously jealous that the Bianchi own their home through their hard work, and still other neighbours have to pay for their rant. However, this play reveals that the attitudes in today ¡Ã‚ ¦s Australia towards migrants have changed significantly. They are more migrants in Australia compared to back in 1950s. Australia is a multicultural society, which is entirely populated by migration. In the past, people from all other continents migrated to Australia in response to economic opportunity and the need for labour or left in times of drought, depression and two world wars. After World War II, Australia was in need of skilled and labour population for development. At present, 150 different nationalities and 90 different languages are represented in the society. Those people who belong to Non-English speaking background, constitute a large portion of Australian population. Australia is multicultural nation. Australian government discourages any kind of discrimination in workplace, educational institutions and public places. There are anti-di...

Benefit of Smoking

Smoking lowers risk of knee-replacement surgery While smokers might go broke buying a pack of cigarettes, they can at least save money by avoiding knee-replacement surgery. Surprising results from a new study have revealed that men who smoke had less risk of undergoing total joint replacement surgery than those who never smoked. The study, from the University of Adelaide in Australia, appears in the July issue of the journal Arthritis amp; Rheumatism. What could be the connection? Knee-replacement surgery was more common among joggers and the obese smokers rarely jog and they are less likely to be morbidly obese. After controlling for age, weight and exercise, the researchers were at a loss to explain the apparent, albeit slight protective effects of smoking for osteoporosis. It could be that the nicotine in tobacco helps prevent cartilage and joint deterioration. 2. Smoking lowers risk of Parkinsons disease Numerous studies have identified the uncanny inverse relationship between smoking and Parkinsons disease. Long-term smokers are somehow protected against Parkinsons and its not because smokers die of other things earlier. The most recent, well-conducted study was published in a March 2010 issue of the journal Neurology. Far from determining a cause for the protective effect, these researchers found that the number of years spent smoking, more so than the number of cigarettes smoked daily, mattered more for a stronger protective effect. Harvard researchers were among the first to provide convincing evidence that smokers were less likely to develop Parkinsons. In a study published in Neurology in March 2007, these researchers found the protective effect wanes after smokers quit. And they concluded in their special scientific way that they didnt have a clue as to why. 3. Smoking lowers risk of obesity Smoking — and, in particular, the nicotine in tobacco smoke — is an appetite suppressant. This has been known for centuries, dating back to indigenous cultures in America in the pre-Columbus era. Tobacco companies caught on by the 1920s and began targeting women with the lure that smoking would make them thinner. A study published in the July 2011 issue of the journal Physiology amp; Behavior, in fact is one of many stating that the inevitable weight gain upon quitting smoking is a major barrier in getting people to stop, second only to addiction. The relationship between smoking and weight control is complex: Nicotine itself acts as both a stimulant and appetite suppressant; and the act of smoking triggers behavior modification that prompts smokers to snack less. Smoking also might make food less tasty for some smokers, further curbing appetite. As an appetite suppressant, nicotine appears to act on a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, at least in mice, as revealed in a study by Yale researchers published in the June 10, 2011 issue of the journal Science. No respectable doctor would recommend smoking for weight control, given the toxic baggage accompanying cigarettes. This recent Yale study, however, does offer an inkling of hope for a safe diet drug to help obese people control their appetites. 4. Smoking lowers risk of death after some heart attacks Compared with non-smokers, smokers who have had heart attacks seem to have lower mortality rates and more favorable responses to two kinds of therapy to remove plaque from their arteries: fibrinolytic therapy, which is basically medication; and angioplasty, which removes the plaque by inserting balloons or stents into the arteries. Theres a catch, though. The reason why smokers have heart attacks is that smoke scars the arteries, allowing fat and plaque to build up in the first place. So, one theory as to why smokers do better than non-smokers after such therapies is that they are younger, experiencing their first heart attack approximately 10 years before the non-smoker. A study published in an August 2005 issue of the American Heart Journal, however, states that age alone is not enough to fully explain the survival differences and that the smokers paradox is alive and well. No alternative theories have been put forth since. 5. Smoking helps the heart drug clopidogrel work better Clopidogrel is a drug used to inhibit blood clots for those patients suffering from coronary artery disease and other circulatory diseases leading to strokes and heart attacks. Smoking seems to help clopidogrel do its job better. A study by Korean researchers in the October 2010 issue of the journal Thrombosis Research builds upon work by Harvard researchers published in 2009 that demonstrates the benefit of smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day. It seems that something in cigarette smoke activates certain proteins called cytochromes, which convert clopidogrel into a more active state. Again, no respectable doctor is encouraging patients to start smoking to get the most out of clopidogrel. But this and the other four benefits of smoking reveal how tobacco — perhaps not unlike other potentially toxic plants — might contain certain chemicals of real therapeutic value. 6. Smoking Relieves Stress This is the most common thing you hear from smokers about the benefits of smoking. This is because cigarettes create a myriad of conditions that help the body deal with anxiety, stress, and depression. 7. Smoking Relaxes Your Breathing The way you breathe when you smoke helps your body relax and calm down. For people who have panic attacks or stress problems, Doctors recommend patients practice a sort of breathing called relaxation breathing. Among other things, it involves taking a deep breath into the lungs and holding it in for a second or two before exhaling. This is exactly like the act of smoking. This kind of breathing slows your heart rate and relieves tension in your muscles, especially your neck and upper back, which tense up in stressful situations. 8. Outside Smoke Breaks Calm You Down If you go outside for smoke breaks, this simple act can really help you deal with your stress. Say if you’re in a fight with your spouse or close to the deadline on a major project for work, leaving the house or office to step outside for a smoke break helps you deal with the stress. * You get a break from your stressor * You get into the open and fresh air * You leave the stressful environment * You have time to think about your problems from an objective point of view   * The nature and sky outside helps your mind calm down and relax 9. Nicotine is an Anxiety and Depression Medication The nicotine in cigarettes is also a major factor of stress relief. Nicotine is a chemical which mildly and temporarily stops the feelings of anxiety and depression. After an inhale of cigarette smoke, the nicotine reacts in your brain chemistry within seven seconds. Nicotine makes the brain feel better, and stops the chain reaction anxiety and depression can have within the brain. It is no surprise that 1/3 of nicotine addicts claim to have depression or anxiety problems. Cigarettes are a great form of self medication.

Early America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Early America - Essay Example This story belongs to the oldest Seneca oral traditions. However, the author is Jeremiah Curtin, a white who got an opportunity to live among the people and interacted with them. The story appeared in the people’s local language but became available in English through the efforts of Hewitt. The story brings out the fact that human beings originally lived in better conditions that in the world as early Americans knew it. The people had a notion of heaven where they thought man originated (Johnson, 2012). In addition, they believed that sea creatures existed as well. The fate of the girl who fell from the sky ends up on earth, a dry land created as an island using soil from deep sea. This part of the story implies the curiosity of early Americans to understand how the separation of the seas and dry land occurred. The narrative then highlights how this woman became the ancestor of people on earth through the daughter she bore. However, the story does not explain how the conception of the daughter occurred. Regarding the daughter, the strength of the wind comes out as the source of conception. The story does not elaborate how this mystery occurred. The story highlights the origin of races because it refers to the offspring of the daughter as two sons having different complexions. According to the Seneca people, that was the origin of racial indifferences. The two sons then bring out the dominion of man over other animals. The story accords man immense power. He had the power to create and alter the creations. In addition, he was in a position to exercise dominion over the creation. From the story, the reader learns the origin of human disagreement from the comparison of work of the two brothers (Johnson, 2012). The story offers a reader some information about the beliefs of the earliest American people. However, it has its shortcomings. It does not explain majority of the

Industrial Economics, Industrial Organization How can game theory help Essay

Industrial Economics, Industrial Organization How can game theory help us to understand firm's interactions Discuss the differe - Essay Example A game theory is composed of a series of elements including: players or partners, rules which imply the possible decisions that one is capable of making given another party’s decisions, and the facts that a player could have knowledge of before moving or making a decision. Other elements include the consequences or outcomes of certain moves and the payoffs of each possible outcome. Payoffs imply the money got from a given decision (Durlauf, 2010). Game theories In arriving at the solutions given the game theories, it is important that industries understand certain tools. These tools include dominated and dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium. A dominant strategy is a tactic that gives higher payoffs no matter what the opponent does, while a dominated strategy is an approach that is lower than another strategy; this implies that for a dominated strategy, there is a dominant strategy that is in existence over it. On the other hand, in Nash equilibrium, no industry or indi vidual is in preference of a different choice. This means that each player chooses the best strategy given the approaches taken by the other players in the market (Durlauf, 2010). In an effort to understanding how firms and industries react, it is vital that the different types of game theories are understood. Firms’ interactions are mainly guided by certain game theories. There is a myriad of game theories. Simultaneous game is one of the game theories. As the name suggests, the players in the market make decisions independent of the other player’s decisions. This means that no party is aware of the other party’s choices or decisions. This kind of scenario forms what is known as a Cournot model. In such a case, each firm or industry tries to make a forecast of what the other player in the market will be so as to arrive at a reasonable decision itself (Durlauf, 2010). In Cournot models, firms predicts the other industry’s output choice and then based on t he forecasts, each firm goes ahead to choosing a profit maximizing output for itself. In cournot, prices as at Nash equilibrium are above the perfect competitive prices. In this case it is clear that the Cournot game model influence the market price as firms try to control their levels of production. Thus, through Cournot model, it is possible for firms to come up with best reaction functions in their production in cases where the industries have completely no clue on what the other players in the market are up to achieving (Mukherjee, 2004). Sequential game is another game theory whereby an industry or firm makes a decision on price or quantity, when it already has knowledge on what another player or partner has decided on. The kind of strategic interaction depicted in such a scenario gives rise to a Stackleberg’s model. In this model, one industry makes a choice before another. It is frequently used to depict industries in which there is a dominant firm. In the Stacklebergà ¢â‚¬â„¢s model, an industry that is a leader chooses output to maximize profits depending on how a follower will react to its choice. Given the choices by a leader, a follower will try as much as possible to make profits given the quantity the leader produces. A leader makes decisions on its own production considering the

What are the special challenges and opportunities presented by working Essay

What are the special challenges and opportunities presented by working in the Third Sector - Essay Example The term third sector has currently been substituted in Government practice by the name ‘Civil Society’ or more frequently the phrase ‘Big Society’, which was invented by political consultants and which featured significantly during the traditionalist party's election campaign of year 2010. The existence of a large non-profit division is at times observed as a sign of a strong financial system within local as well as nationalized economic capacity. With an increasing amount of non-profit associations persistent on social services, the surroundings, teaching and other unmet requirements all over the society, the non-profit division is more and more essential to the wellbeing and security of society. The non-profit sector offers an outstanding channel for a range of society's labour and abilities (Peltenburg, p. 78, 2007). The third sector became the leading sector in society, as the well-informed class prevail over the effects of the private sector. This is true in a number of European nations. In accordance with a latest study, Netherlands has the biggest third sector of 20 nations across Europe. Social benefit structures are usually diverse in different nations. These systems take care of components of social defence, family unit strategy and individual dependability in a different way, and all over the Europe, a combination of these components can be found. Their individual characteristics still control nationalized social exchange of ideas, even though globalisation, altering financial conditions, progressive EU legislative and increased stress on resources appears to direct towards ‘convergence’ (Berridge, p. 62, 2010). Although in some European nations, civil society - even if the phrase itself is of current derivation - has been a venerable happening, other nations’ experien ce with them is fresh. Global commonality either has brought active establishments in Europe to start non-governmental organizations or help their counterparts in rising parliamentary governments do this, and their support is usually ongoing. There is no established description of the expression 'civil society establishment'; however, it is normally implicit to take account of the social associates, NGOs, mutual interest organizations and local establishments (Comaroff, p. 99, 2009). What all establishments have in common is their ‘not for profit’ nature, which does not indicate they cannot produce in excess, but does indicate they have to be reinvested in and utilized for the common use of the establishment. Many of them take advantage of unpaid assistants and definitely, volunteering could be their second most essential trait. In various nations, the global year of volunteers 2001 has evidently been an incentive to reorganize as well as develop volunteering directive. In all European nations, third sector organisations are present, although they vary in a substantial number of characteristics. In the United Kingdom only, they can be ‘shared interest’ establishments or philanthropic, from the subdivision or horizontal, intending at limited or broader target groups, nationalized or global, working entirely at local, provincial or nationalized level or all over them, distinct at regional level or linked, racially, conscientiously, ideologically, linguistically separated (Francois, p. 193, 2008). They can be ‘members’ umbrella establishments, associates of EU and worldwide bodies, working together with the commercial sector, providing services, moderately or completely subsidized by legislative authorities, have infrastructural sustenance establishments, be with or without

Teaching Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teaching Styles - Essay Example Students were asked to work individually on the project and had to complete two worksheets in the workbook: the â€Å"What do you know† and â€Å"What do you think† worksheets. Afterwards the class was divided into groups: each group consisted of only boys or only girls. These groups were mixed with strong and weak members and were asked to discuss and fully understand a point before continuing to the next and the teacher visited each team to ensure that each team understood what was required of them. Time was spent on a draft before commencing to the completed copy. Changes were to be made in another color or with a pen. This scenario is seen as a cooperative learning situation. Students work together in teams to complete a task; only their communication and teamwork skills will determine if their outcome will be successful. Johnson (1988) defines the word â€Å"cooperating† as â€Å"students working together in a group†. Students doing group work achieve better, as the members support and motivate each other. Learners also learn from other members’ ideas and perspectives and are more positive about school, teachers and projects. (Johnson, 1988) When working in teams learners are also more positive and that boosts their self-esteem, regardless of their abilities or background. They build on their communicative and interaction skills.

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Certain personality characteristics can also be very helpful in starting a new business. A study conducted by Southern Methodist University’s Cox School of Business lists several shared characteristics of more than 200 successful entrepreneurs (those who have been in business more than 5 years and have gross revenues of at least $1 million), including good health, an ability to control, strong self-confidence, high energy and sense of urgency, comprehensive awareness of a situation, a realistic outlook, conceptual ability, a low need for societal status, an objective approach, emotional stability, an attraction to challenges and an ability to describe situations with numbers (Glick-Smith, 1999). Strategic planning is important to any small company that wishes to grow or expand product lines or services. Different from a business plan in which something is started, strategic planning maps out the various practices a company will use to obtain a desired goal, such as increased sales, employee growth or adjusting to new competition (Kautz, 2005). Like running a race, if you don’t know where the course is, you have little chance of arriving at the finish line prior to the competition. A strategic plan should include a business purpose that makes the mission and philosophy of the company clear to employees and others in a concise statement, organizational goals that define the endpoints toward which the plan is striving, mapped out strategies for meeting each of these goals, action plans to implement the various strategies and the implementation of a monitoring plan to ensure the company is on the right path toward meeting these goals (Kautz, 2005). The plan should remain flexible to meet the growth needs of the company as well as the changes within the marketplace. According to Alex Goumakos, there are 5 major factors that should be considered when deciding on the format of ownership: liability protection, taxes, management, ownership transition and

An Analysis of Tools for Evaluating HR Effectiveness Research Paper

An Analysis of Tools for Evaluating HR Effectiveness - Research Paper Example Human resource management is a practice within an organization that is responsible for the recruitment, selection, training, empowerment, compensated and looking after the overall welfare of organization’s employees.For an organization’s activities to be carried out effectively and efficiently, an organization should have competent employees. The human resource manager is the one who carries out human resource management practice. He should therefore have plans in place to ensure the organization acquires the most competent employees in the market (Peter 12). This can be achieved through the development of an effective recruitment and selection plan. Through effective human resource management, organization’s employees are satisfied with the compensations they are given. This is due to the fact that the human resource manager keeps on reviewing the organization’s remuneration system so as to keep on making adjustments that will enable employees earn well i n order to cope with the changing standards of living.Human resource management is concerned with motivating organization’s employees in a way that they will be able to produce outstanding outputs. The human resource manager since is the one who is responsible for this has to ensure that a good working environment exist. Employee retention- Each and every business organization aims to retain its competent employees so that they can keep on contributing tirelessly to the success of the organization in terms of its performance.

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Certain personality characteristics can also be very helpful in starting a new business. A study conducted by Southern Methodist University’s Cox School of Business lists several shared characteristics of more than 200 successful entrepreneurs (those who have been in business more than 5 years and have gross revenues of at least $1 million), including good health, an ability to control, strong self-confidence, high energy and sense of urgency, comprehensive awareness of a situation, a realistic outlook, conceptual ability, a low need for societal status, an objective approach, emotional stability, an attraction to challenges and an ability to describe situations with numbers (Glick-Smith, 1999). Strategic planning is important to any small company that wishes to grow or expand product lines or services. Different from a business plan in which something is started, strategic planning maps out the various practices a company will use to obtain a desired goal, such as increased sales, employee growth or adjusting to new competition (Kautz, 2005). Like running a race, if you don’t know where the course is, you have little chance of arriving at the finish line prior to the competition. A strategic plan should include a business purpose that makes the mission and philosophy of the company clear to employees and others in a concise statement, organizational goals that define the endpoints toward which the plan is striving, mapped out strategies for meeting each of these goals, action plans to implement the various strategies and the implementation of a monitoring plan to ensure the company is on the right path toward meeting these goals (Kautz, 2005). The plan should remain flexible to meet the growth needs of the company as well as the changes within the marketplace. According to Alex Goumakos, there are 5 major factors that should be considered when deciding on the format of ownership: liability protection, taxes, management, ownership transition and

Pulse Rate Essay Example for Free

Pulse Rate Essay The purpose of this practical is to investigate how the pulse rate of humans changes when they exercise. Someone who is physically fit can supply their muscles with enough blood, carrying glucose and oxygen, for an activity at a lower heart and breathing rate. The fitter you are the lower your resting heart rate. You and your classmates will be the humans investigated. SAFETY: If you know you have any condition that affects you doing exercise, please make sure your teacher knows before you start the investigation. In the investigation you are going to measure and record your pulse rate, before and after doing some physical activity. Work in pairs and decide who will be the ‘exerciser’ and who will be the ‘pulse-taker and recorder’. The pulse-taker takes the resting pulse of the exerciser. The exerciser should be sitting down and holding their left hand out with their palm facing up and their elbow straight. The pulse-taker puts the index and middle fingers of their right (or left) hand together, and presses the pads of their fingers lightly on the underside of the exerciser’s left wrist, just at the base of their thumb. With their fingers in this position, they should be able to feel a pulse. Once the pulse has been found, the pulse-taker starts the stopwatch and counts the number of beats in 15 seconds. To find the heart rate in beats per minute, the pulse count for 15 seconds is multiplied by 4. The exerciser exercises (jog on the spot, do jumping jacks, ste p up and down on the platform at the front of the room at a rate of 30 steps per minute) for 3 minutes. The pulse-taker counts the number of beats in 15 seconds immediately after exercise has stopped, then 2 minutes after exercise stopped and then 4, 6 and 8 minutes after exercise stopped. These rates should be taken with the exerciser sitting down. Recovery is to be assessed by calculating the ‘4 minutes after exercise’ value as a percentage of resting rates and comparing the percentage with the measure of fitness. This should give an inverse relationship i.e. the fitter the subject, the lower the percentage. LAB REPORT Date: Topic: Aim: Question: Materials and apparatus: Variables: * Independent (changed): * Dependent (measured): * Controlled (held constant): Method: numbered steps Observations and results: * Table neatly ruled up, units in header column; ensure the title is descriptive. * Graph of data summarised in table. * A concise description of other observations made, that are not given in table. * Calculation of the ‘4 minutes after exercise’ value as a percentage of resting rate. Discussion: examine the rubric in the table below closely; sequence your discussion as shown in the rubric; do not describe again how the experiment was carried out or restate the result; that is done in the ‘Method’. You will need to refer to the results in the process of explaining them. Focus on ‘Why’ i.e. the ‘Aim’ and ‘What the results indicated’ i.e. explain or account for the results; identify and explain sources of error and limitations in the experiment. Did the procedure and materials provided allow for the collection of sufficient data? Did the procedure and materials provided allow for the collection of accurate data? * Error – identify error(s) made in obtaining the results; explain how the error(s) affected the results and the objecti ves (Aim) of the investigation; describe how the error(s) could be reduced or eliminated. * Limitations (consider conditions, time, materials) explain how the limitation identified affected the accuracy of results, describe how limitation identified could be eliminated or reduced. * Conclusion: answer the question using the results Criteria| 2| 1| 0| Background knowledge| Theory or problem being investigated is fully explained; the expected results are stated| Theory or problem being investigated is not quite fully explained; the expected results are not stated| Theory or problem being investigated is not explained; the expected results are not stated| Explanation of results| Results are thoroughly interpreted| Results are fairly well interpreted| No interpretation of the results is provided; results are poorly interpreted| Sources of error| At least one well explained and valid source of error is provided| A valid source of error is provided but it is not well explained| No source of error is provided; that which is offered is invalid | Limitations | Limitations of the procedure are valid and well explained at least one limitation | At least one limitation is presented but it is poorly explained| No limitation is presented; that which is presented is invalid| Conclusion| Conclusion is related to the ‘Aim’ and makes reference to the observations (results)| Conclusion is related to the ‘Aim’ but makes no reference to the observations (results)| Conclusion is not related to the ‘Aim’; makes no reference to the observations (results)| OBSERVATION/REPORTING/RECORDING Data table 12 marks scaled to 10 Criteria| Complete| Partial| Not at all| Title a concise statement identifying the variables included in the table is printed and underlined with a single line| 2| 1| 0| A pencil and ruler are used to construct table – rows and columns ruled up so that items are distinguished from each other; table has an outer border | 2| 1| 0| Table is large enough so that all the entries can be neatly written in the available space; table is not broken| 2| 1| 0| First column is independent variable (chosen by the experimenter); second and subsequent columns the dependent variables (readings taken by the experimenter)| 2| 1| 0| Column headings include the quantity and the unit (as appropriate); accepted scientific conventions e.g. if the quantity being measured is length in millimeters column heading is to be written as ‘length / mm’; ‘length in mm’ or ‘length (mm)’| 2| 1| 0| Numerical values are inserted into the body of table no units| 2| 1| 0| OBSERVATION/REPORTING/RECORDING Line graph – 16 marks scaled to 10 Criteria| Complete| Partial| Not at all| A pencil is used for drawings in lines on graphs, labeling the axes and writing the title| 2| 1| 0| The independent variable is plotted on the X axis and the dependent variable on the Y axis| 2| 1| 0| The scales chosen for the graph axes makes it easy to read the graph, such as 1, 2 or 5 units to a 20 mm square and make the best use of the space available – half or more of the length and width of the grid| 2| 1| 0| Each axis is labeled and the relevant quantity and units stated e.g. Temperature of solution/0C| 2| 1| 0| Points are lightly drawn (but are visible on the grid) with a sharp pencil using a fine cross or an encircled dot; points are no larger than one of the smallest squares on the grid| 2| 1| 0| Where data falls on a straight line or smooth curve, and then a line of best fit or an appropriate curve is drawn in on the graph; when a straight line or smooth curve is not formed neighboring points are joined by straight ruled lines; lines of best fit show an even distribution of points on either side of the line along its whole length| 2| 1| 0| Lines are thin, drawn without kinks or breaks| 2| 1| 0| Title a concise statement identifying the variables included in the graph is printed and underlined with a single line| 2| 1| 0|

Marilyn Monroe and John F. Kennedy

Marilyn Monroe and John F. Kennedy The scandal between Marilyn Monroe and John F. Kennedy was a very deviant scandal. It brought madness in every which way. Not only was it just an affair but it also was a huge blackmail set up by none other than Ms. Marilyn Monroe. Norma Jeane Mortenson otherwise known as Marilyn Monroe was born June 1, 1926 and died August 5, 1962. Monroe was an American Actress, model, and singer who was best known for playing dumb blonde characters. During the 1950s Marilyn Monroe became known to be the American sex symbol due to her attitude. Even though MS.Monroe had a pretty decent life and was very successful she always seem to struggle with depression and anxiety ever since she was little.Due to her mental health problems Ms.Monroe relied on the use of drugs and alcohol very heavily. John Fitzgerald Kennedy born on May 29, 1917 and died November 22, 1963. JFK was the 35th president of the United States of America his presidency was a time of high tension in the country due to ongoing conflicts with Cuba during this time in history. Some of these issues were the Cuban Missile Crisis, Peace Corps, Space Race developments and many more to go along with these few stated. His presidency lasted until 1961 when he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1961 By Lee Harvey Oswald and there were many conspiracies that came about after this event.Then moving on to the Marilyn Monroe and JFK scandal. This was one of the biggest scandals of the time and even to date to today. The way that Marilyn Monroe and JFK met was Peter Lawford and his wife Pat (JFKs sister) invited Marilyn to a dinner in New York honoring JFK for being the president and this was when they first met. The biggest part of the scandal was the blackmail, Monroe had JFK give her more than one million dollars for the young actresses silence. Another big part of the scandal was all the stories the reporters made up to earn a profit, which didnt include the biography called The Secret Life Of Monroe by J Randy which was published after Marilyn Monroes death. Also going along with the books and constant reports of the affair there was a porno that was kept from the public in a vault of 40+ years that is worth 1.6 million dollars and was owned by a son of a dead FBI agent and was kept private for a long time until its sale to a businessman who remains anonymous but still remains to keep it private because he want to respect Ms.Monroe. During this supposed porno it was only her giving oral sex to a man that was suggested to be JFK. Thi s was one of the facts that was never proven if it was Kennedy receiving the oral sex or not due to the tape being locked away for so long and also the males face was covered. Therefore this sandal has had people wondering for over 40 years (World Book Online). The circumstances surrounding the affair to start off with one of the major issues wouldve been Marilyn telling Jackie of the affair and it coming out public it could have caused some serious issues considering the time period it happened in. Even if it happened today it wouldve still caused major issue. Eventually this love affair would come out over a shocking phone call between the first lady and Marilyn Monroe about how the chief and commander promised to marry her along with many other things that came out during the calls. On the other hand during this time the public found out how there were thousands of dollars that went down the drain due to the affair and the money that was used to keep Monroe silent. Although there seemed to be a lot that ended up getting leaked about the affair there were many things that were never proven, such as if Ms.Monroes death was a suicide or a murder, some thought it was a suicide others felt it was a murder. Throughout the time of the affair no sexual relationship was ever established due to Kennedy never being willing to admit it. So it was all just Marilyn Monroe telling her best friend it was the whole time and from reports she was telling her that she was carrying on sexual relations with the president. This occurred around the time she sang Happy Birthday Mr. President in a sexual manner to JFK in 1962. This was when everyone started to question their relationship as more than friends and more so sexual than not. No one ever knew exactly how long this affair had lasted due to both of them dying an untimely death (CBS News) . The effects of this would ultimately make the government look bad if this came out to the public because the most powerful man in the country wouldve been doing things that were not the classiest and he was cheating on his wife which is not a good look for the public. JFK was wasting a massive amount of money to keep Ms.Monroe quiet throughout the years with the million of dollars annually which when the public found out that the money he was wasting was on her made him look even worse which affected many people in the long run. The people who seem to be affected in the long run were the people that worked for him because reporters always seem to be questioning them to see what they might know about the affair and what was going on completely. Also his wife was affected more than anything. Not only did she have to face the heartbreak that her husband was cheating on her but also the embarrassment of going out in public and getting questioned by the press about it was very terrifying for Jackie. Jackie wasnt the only one who was affected, Marilyn Monroe as well she became very distressed once it hit the public she just couldnt handle it,another thing that happened based on the situation was Marilyn Monroes drug and alcohol intake increased heavily once everyone found out about it to the point it was unhealthy her life was based off from pil ls and alcohol even more than before. All and all the out come in this scandal didnt turn out well. After the affair ended Marilyn Monroe died from an overdose many people think it was intentional others believe she was a murdered but it was never proven which one really happened but it was for sure a overdose (PBS.Org). Roughly a year later JFK had been assassinated in Dallas when he was at a public event by Lee Harvey Oswald, who later got gunned down by Jack Ruby (JFK library.org). Monroe and Kennedy death were very close together which people found really suspicious and the gossip still continued even though both of them had passed and a lot of money was still involved. The most talked about time which was mentioned before was when Ms.Monroe sang Happy Birthday to JFK in a very sexual manner at Madison Square Gardens which was filled with 15,000 people when Ms.Monroe sang to JFK. After Marilyn Monroes death her dress that she wore when she sang happy birthday to the president was sold for $3 million after she had pas sed (AbcNews) . That wasnt the only thing that had been sold the watch that Marilyn Monroe gave Kennedy for his birthday was worth over 2.6 million dollars it was a Rolex watch inscribed Jack with love always from Ms.Monroe. Which later on JFK order his aide to get rid of it but the unidentified aide kept the rolex until it was sold when Kennedy had passed. On the other hand Kennedys valuable items werent the other thing that was sold Ms.Monroes dress was sold as mentioned before along with her jewelry which included her Rolex that matched JFKs Rolex she gave him as a birthday gift. Altogether Marilyn Monroe and John F. Kennedy were talked about even after they both had passed and many people were still trying to find out what really happen by contacting their family or close friends. The most focused on topic was Marilyn Monroes dress she wore when she sang Happy Birthday to JFK which was Mentioned before but after her overdose the dress she wore at Madison Square Gardens was some thing that was sold for a lot of money.Marilyn Monroes legendary sheer, crystal-emblazoned dress, which she wore in May 1962 to sing Happy Birthday, Mr. President to John F. Kennedy, sold at auction for a record-breaking $4.8 million, Juliens Auctions announced Friday.Although people made money off auctioning the diseased Ms.Monroe personal items that wasnt the only thing they did many reporters made journals about the affair which led to books being published about the Scandal, than eventually became shows that talked about the scandal and even a documentary. So as you can see this was a very known Scandal that is talked about to this day and will always be talked about its still a mystery on what really what happened, whats really true and whats just made up. Things that were proven for a fact was that Ms.Monroe was for sure blackmailing the president for money when they had their affair she even had the mob in on it Thats why so many people think Marilyn Monroe was murdered due t o the finding out of her black mail manys conclude that John F. Kennedy was mad when he found out the truth about the blackmail was angry about it and hired someone to kill Ms.Monroe and made it look like a overdose.]